Table 2.

Eating Disorder and Disordered Eating Behavior Risk Factors in Gay Male Adults and Adolescents

Risk Factors	Eating Disorders	Disordered Eating Behaviors
	Adults	Adults	Adolescents
Sexual Orientation	Ambivalence about sexual orientation Concern about the perception of others regarding sexual orientation Attending a gay recreational group Sexual objectification experiences Pornography viewing	Discrimination Concealment of sexual orientation Rumination Internalized homophobia Internalized homonegativity Gay community identification (thinner men) Belonging to the gay community High-risk sexual behaviors	Achieving sexual minority developmental milestones at a younger age
Relationship Dynamic	Social media use	Lower relationship satisfaction Being single Unmet need to belong Social sensitivity Dating app usage	Bullying Lack of support from adults
Body Image	Longer exercise sessions Internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness Body surveillance Steroid use Athletic appearance ideal internalization Upward appearance-base social comparisons Body image dissatisfaction Higher BMI	Awareness of sociocultural norms regarding weight Implicit and explicit attitudes regarding weight External motivation for working out Engaging in behaviors to increase muscle mass Pressure to diet Body image disturbance Body image dissatisfaction Higher BMI	Lack of physical activity Body image dissatisfaction Higher BMI
Intrapsychic Functioning		Susceptibility to social messages Low self-esteem Low self-compassion Media internalization
Demographic	Latino/Hispanic or black ethnicity	Caucasian ethnicity Older age Younger age	Older age
Mental Health	Anxiety Depression Substance use disorder Specific phobia Any psychiatric disorder Childhood sexual abuse	History of childhood sexual abuse Depression Negative affect Alcohol abuse
Gender Attitude	Conformity to masculine norms Recalled childhood harassment for gender nonconformity	Negative femininity Greater levels of femininity Gender role conflict