Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Oct 2;11:579250. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579250

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2020 Flanagan, Best, Crawford, Giles, Koirala, Macartney, Russell, Teh and Wen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Key components of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), recognize pattern associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by SARS-CoV-2 via their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 7. This activates intracellular signaling pathways leading to the expression of type 1 and 3 interferons (IFNs), which in turn activate innate immune cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This leads to an influx and activation of neutrophils, further APCs and other innate immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells.