Figure 2.

Contraction behavior in serum-free culture conditions.

Force development (A) and RR scatter (B) as a surrogate parameter for beating arrhythmias, with R being the interval between 2 neighboring force peaks, of wild-type and (C–D) knockout engineered heart tissue (EHT) over culture time under both standard serum-containing (green plus) and serum-free culture conditions (red minus). The dotted line marks beginning of serum withdrawal. Mean±SEM, n=51–58 EHTs from 3 batches. Representative contraction peaks of wild-type (E) and knockout EHTs (F) under serum-free conditions.