Table 1.

Normal (greater than 5th percentile) ranges for semen parameters in men

Parameter	Value	95% CI
Volume (ml)	1.5	1.4-1.7
Sperm concentration (million/mL)	>15	12-16
Total sperm number (million/ejaculate)	>39	33-46
Morphology (% normal forms)a	>4	3-4
Vitality (% alive)	>58	55-63
Progressive motility (%)	>32	31-34
Total motility (% progressive + nonprogressive)	>40	38-42

From World Health Organization, ed. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 5th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

^aUsing “strict” Tygerberg method (1).