Table 3.

Key components of the history and physical examination in men with infertility from oligozoospermia

History
	Pubertal timing
	Cryptorchidism/testicular surgery
	Sexual function and frequency
	Sexually transmitted infections
	Infections of prostate or testicle
	Current and former medications
	Use of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs
	Systemic disease
	Environmental exposures, including radiation, pesticides, and occupational
	Cancer diagnosis and treatment
Physical examination
	Presence of sexual hair/Tanner stage
	Bitemporal hemianopsia (pituitary mass)
	Reduced testicular volume (<15 cc)
	Testicular mass
	Presence of vas deferens bilaterally
	Presence of varicocele or other scrotal mass
	Presence of cryptorchidism or hypospadias
	Synovitis of second and third metacarpal-phalangeal joints, “bronzed” appearance or stigmata of liver disease or heart failure (hemochromatosis)
	Presence of marked muscle hypertrophy suggesting anabolic steroid use