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. 2020 Oct 15;11:5196. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19042-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a A gel lattice contraction assay was applied to test the contractile properties of hPSC-CNC PCs and HBVPs. b The gel size of different groups was calculated and compared. c Representative images of CNC PCs and HBVPs before and 15 min after treatment with carbachol (1 mM). Scale bar: 100 μm. d Changes in individual cell area following treatment with carbachol were calculated and compared among different groups. e An In vitro BBB model was established to investigate whether hPSC-CNC PCs or HBVPs could improve the barrier function of HBMECs. Scale bar: 75 μm. f The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in different groups was measured and compared. g The expression of tight junction proteins, including Occludin and ZO-1 in HBMECs that cocultured with either hPSC-CNC PCs or HBVPs was revealed by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar: 50 μm. h Quantification of frayed ZO-1 tight junctions. i Quantification of frayed Occludin tight junctions. j Transcytosis of Alexa 488–tagged 10-kDa dextran across HBMECs following 48 h of coculture with hPSC-CNC PCs or HBVPs. Graphs represent the individual data points, the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Micrographs are representative of n = 3 biological replicates. P-value (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001) was calculated by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.