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. 2020 Oct 15;11:5196. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19042-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Representative images of the gross appearance of cerebral edema and Evans blue leakage. Scale bar: 1 cm. b The brain water contents in different groups were measured. c Statistical analysis of Evans blue extravasation using spectrofluorometry. d Representative images and quantification analysis of TRITC-dextran tracer extravasation assay. Scale bar: 100 μm. e Representative confocal microscopy and quantification analysis showing the extravascular fibrinogen (red) and albumin (red) leakage through lectin-labeled (green) capillaries. Scale bar: 100 μm. f Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and quantification analysis of vesicle number in brain endothelial cells. Scale bar: 1000 nm. Graphs represent the individual data points, and data are presented as mean ± SEM. Gross images of water content and Evans blue extravasation are representative of n = 8 (a, b, c) biologically independent animals. Confocal and TEM images are representative of n = 3 (d, e, f) independent animals. P-value (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001) was calculated by one-way (b, c, d, f) or two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons (e). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.