Fig. 3.

Role of CARD-9 in innate signalling

(A) A simplified schematic representation of CARD-9 signalling in response to fungal infection through Dectin-1, which results in recruitment of SYK kinase and the formation of signalosome composed of CARD-9, BCL10 and MALT1, resulting in NF-κB and ERK activation and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β among other cytokines. (B) Intracellular NOD2 receptor recognizes MDP (a component of bacterial cell walls) and couples with CARD-9, driving activation of p38 and JNKs and resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. MALT1: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1; BCL10: B cell lymphoma/leukaemia 10.