Table 2.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Incidence and HCV Incidence Rate Ratios Among an Open Cohort of Patients Receiving Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in New York City
| Incidence Rate | Incidence Rate Ratio | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-Level Characteristicsa | Total No. | Incident HCV No. | PYO | Per 100 PYO | 95% CI LL | 95% CI UL | IRR | 95% CI LL | 95% CI UL | P Valueb |
| Overall | 2535 | 108 | 4859 | 2.25 | 1.82 | 2.68 | … | … | … | |
| Age, y | ||||||||||
| 18–24 | 85 | 5 | 121 | 4.12 | 1.33 | 9.62 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| 25–34 | 387 | 19 | 668 | 2.80 | 1.71 | 4.44 | 0.68 | .26 | 1.84 | .45 |
| 35–44 | 537 | 18 | 991 | 1.80 | 1.08 | 2.87 | 0.44 | .16 | 1.18 | .13 |
| 45–54 | 1056 | 36 | 2149 | 1.67 | 1.17 | 2.31 | 0.41 | .16 | 1.03 | .08 |
| 55–64 | 417 | 27 | 837 | 3.22 | 2.13 | 4.69 | 0.78 | .30 | 2.03 | .59 |
| ≥65 | 48 | 3 | 84 | 3.55 | .73 | 10.40 | 0.86 | .20 | 3.61 | .87 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 622 | 30 | 1100 | 2.72 | 1.84 | 3.89 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Hispanic | 1148 | 52 | 2244 | 2.31 | 1.73 | 3.04 | 0.85 | .54 | 1.33 | .48 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 587 | 18 | 1160 | 1.55 | .92 | 2.45 | 0.57 | .32 | 1.02 | .60 |
| Other | 178 | 8 | 354 | 2.25 | .97 | 4.45 | 0.83 | .38 | 1.81 | .66 |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 1782 | 66 | 3405 | 1.94 | 1.50 | 2.47 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Female | 751 | 42 | 1450 | 2.89 | 2.08 | 3.91 | 1.49 | 1.02 | 2.20 | .04 |
| Employment | ||||||||||
| Employed | 606 | 23 | 1202 | 1.91 | 1.21 | 2.87 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Unemployed | 1924 | 85 | 3657 | 2.32 | 1.86 | 2.87 | 1.21 | .77 | 1.92 | .41 |
| Veteran status | ||||||||||
| Not a veteran | 2412 | 102 | 4622 | 2.20 | 1.79 | 2.67 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Veteran | 123 | 6 | 237 | 2.53 | .93 | 5.50 | 1.15 | .50 | 2.60 | .71 |
| Insurance payor | ||||||||||
| Medicaid | 1869 | 79 | 3676 | 2.14 | 1.70 | 2.67 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Other | 427 | 19 | 399 | 4.75 | 2.86 | 7.42 | 2.22 | 1.34 | 3.65 | < .001 |
| Self-pay | 240 | 11 | 784 | 1.40 | .70 | 2.50 | 0.65 | .34 | 1.22 | .18 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Less than HS | 949 | 46 | 1869 | 2.46 | 1.80 | 3.28 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| HS diploma or GED | 939 | 37 | 1770 | 2.10 | 1.47 | 2.88 | 0.84 | .55 | 1.31 | .46 |
| Higher education beyond HS | 639 | 23 | 1209 | 1.90 | 1.20 | 2.85 | 0.78 | .47 | 1.28 | .33 |
| Reported main drug use by injection | ||||||||||
| No | 52 | 52 | 4025 | 1.30 | .96 | 1.70 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Yes | 492 | 56 | 834 | 6.70 | 5.10 | 8.70 | 5.20 | 3.56 | 7.58 | < .001 |
| Methadone dose, mg | ||||||||||
| ≥60 | 1738 | 68 | 3429 | 1.98 | 1.54 | 2.50 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| <60 | 780 | 40 | 1400 | 2.86 | 2.00 | 3.90 | 1.44 | .97 | 2.13 | .07 |
| MAT engagement | ||||||||||
| Continuous engagement in MAT | 1725 | 78 | 3654 | 2.13 | 1.68 | 2.66 | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Interrupted engagement in MAT | 810 | 30 | 1205 | 2.50 | 1.68 | 3.55 | 1.17 | .77 | 1.78 | .46 |
| MAT retention, d, mean (SD) | 40.8 (139.8) | 70.0 (198.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | .03 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GED, graduate equivalent degree; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HS, high school; IRR, incidence rate ratio; LL, lower limit; MAT, medication-assisted treatment; NA, not applicable; PYO, person-years of observation; SD, standard deviation; UL, upper limit.
aThe numbers in the columns labeled No. reflect those with data available. Missing data were <3%; no multicollinearity identified.
bStatistical significance of rate difference; values in bold were statistically significant based on a P value of < .05.