Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis for predictors of overall survival.
| Factor | Level | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Model | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beta | se | HR (95% CI) | p | beta | se | HR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Age (Ref: ≤ 65 years) | > 65 years | 0.414 | 0.0506 | 1.51 (1.37–1.67) | < 0.001 | 0.131 | 0.0536 | 1.14 (1.03–1.27) | 0.0145 |
| Sex (Ref: female) | Male | 0.336 | 0.0524 | 1.4 (1.26–1.55) | < 0.001 | 0.189 | 0.0708 | 1.21 (1.05–1.39) | 0.0076 |
| Ethnicity (Ref: non-Han) | Han | 0.318 | 0.0873 | 1.37 (1.16–1.63) | < 0.001 | 0.228 | 0.0904 | 1.26 (1.05–1.5) | 0.0117 |
| TNM stage (Ref: stage I) | Stage II | 1.03 | 0.169 | 2.8 (2.01–3.9) | < 0.001 | 0.959 | 0.173 | 2.61 (1.86–3.66) | < 0.001 |
| Stage III | 1.82 | 0.14 | 6.2 (4.71–8.16) | < 0.001 | 1.4 | 0.151 | 4.06 (3.02–5.45) | < 0.001 | |
| Stage IV | 2.37 | 0.137 | 10.7 (8.19–14) | < 0.001 | 1.88 | 0.283 | 6.55 (3.77–11.4) | < 0.001 | |
|
Cancer histology (Ref: adenocarcinoma) |
Others | 0.815 | 0.0621 | 2.26 (2–2.55) | < 0.001 | 0.14 | 0.0699 | 1.15 (1–1.32) | 0.0452 |
| Small cell | 0.713 | 0.0714 | 2.04 (1.77–2.35) | < 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.0795 | 1.12 (0.955–1.3) | 0.166 | |
| Squamous cell | 0.323 | 0.0591 | 1.38 (1.23–1.55) | < 0.001 | 0.0171 | 0.0696 | 1.02 (0.887–1.17) | 0.806 | |
| BMI# (Ref: normal) | Obese | − 0.332 | 0.0681 | 0.717 (0.628–0.82) | < 0.001 | − 0.162 | 0.0692 | 0.85 (0.743–0.974) | < 0.001 |
| Overweight | 0.315 | 0.072 | 1.37 (1.19–1.58) | < 0.001 | 0.0924 | 0.0727 | 1.1 (0.951–1.26) | 0.204 | |
| Underweight | − 0.148 | 0.0631 | 0.862 (0.762–0.976) | 0.0187 | − 0.0197 | 0.0636 | 0.98 (0.866–1.11) | 0.757 | |
| Age-unadjusted CCI (Ref: ≤ 3) | > 3 | 0.962 | 0.0481 | 2.62 (2.38–2.88) | < 0.001 | − 0.111 | 0.246 | 0.895 (0.552–1.45) | 0.652 |
| KPS (Ref: ≤ 70) | > 70 | − 0.747 | 0.0655 | 0.474 (0.417–0.538) | < 0.001 | − 0.219 | 0.0703 | 0.803 (0.7–0.922) | 0.00184 |
| Smoking (Ref: no) | Yes | 0.285 | 0.0463 | 1.33 (1.21–1.46) | < 0.001 | 0.107 | 0.0614 | 1.11 (0.987–1.26) | 0.0814 |
| Surgery (Ref: no) | Yes | − 1.51 | 0.0647 | 0.22 (0.194–0.25) | < 0.001 | − 0.731 | 0.0781 | 0.481 (0.413–0.561) | < 0.001 |
| Chemotherapy (Ref: no) | Yes | − 0.482 | 0.0466 | 0.618 (0.564–0.677) | < 0.001 | − 0.413 | 0.0561 | 0.662 (0.593–0.738) | < 0.001 |
| Radiotherapy (Ref: no) | Yes | − 0.186 | 0.0628 | 0.83 (0.734–0.939) | 0.00304 | − 0.244 | 0.068 | 0.783 (0.686–0.895) | < 0.001 |
| Targeted therapy (Ref: no) | Yes | − 0.168 | 0.0775 | 0.846 (0.727–0.984) | 0.0305 | − 0.313 | 0.0831 | 0.731 (0.621–0.86) | < 0.001 |
| XF resident (Ref: no) | Yes | − 0.656 | 0.0671 | 0.519 (0.455–0.592) | < 0.001 | − 0.238 | 0.0704 | 0.788 (0.687–0.905) | < 0.001 |
|
Diagnosed by screening (Ref: no) |
Yes | − 1.43 | 0.138 | 0.24 (0.183–0.314) | < 0.001 | − 0.441 | 0.144 | 0.643 (0.485–0.853) | 0.00219 |
# Asian-Pacific BMI classification: underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (18.5 ≥ BMI < 23), overweight (23 ≥ BMI < 25), obese (BMI ≥ 25).