Table 2.
Ultrasonic features and clinical and laboratory findings at days 0–7, 8–14, and 15–21 after symptom onset in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
| Sonographic, clinical, and laboratory finding | Group 1 n = 33 |
Group 2 n = 40 |
Group 3 n = 43 |
p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with LUS-detected lesions, n (%) | 27 (81.8) | 26 (65.0) | 20 (46.5) | 0.001 |
| Features of LUS-detected lesions | ||||
| B lines, n (%) | 27 (81.8) | 26 (65.0) | 20 (46.5) | 0.001 |
| Consolidation, n (%) | 3 (9.1) | 5 (12.5) | 3 (7.0) | 0.214 |
| Pleural line changes, n (%) | 7 (21.2) | 5 (12.5) | 6 (14.0) | 0.284 |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 2 (6.1) | 2 (5.0) | 1 (2.3) | 0.426 |
| Locations of lung lesions | ||||
| Patients with > 1 lesion, n (%) | 27 (81.8) | 26 (65.0) | 19 (44.2) | < 0.001 |
| On the right side, n (%) | 4 (12.1) | 5 (12.5) | 2 (4.7) | 0.082 |
| On the left side, n (%) | 3 (9.1) | 0 | 1 (2.3) | 0.231 |
| On both sides, n (%) | 20 (60.6) | 21 (52.5) | 17 (39.5) | 0.001 |
| LUS-detected lesions per region | ||||
| Bilateral upper anterior lung, n (%) | 14 (21.2) | 13 (16.3) | 16 (18.6) | 0.084 |
| Bilateral lower anterior lung, n (%) | 28 (42.4) | 21 (26.3) | 21 (24.4) | 0.001 |
| Bilateral upper lateral lung, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 16 (20.0) | 14 (16.3) | 0.037 |
| Bilateral lower lateral lung, n (%) | 37 (56.1) | 41 (51.3) | 30 (34.9) | < 0.001 |
| Bilateral upper posterior lung, n (%) | 25 (37.9) | 21 (26.3) | 17 (19.8) | 0.003 |
| Bilateral lower posterior lung, n (%) | 40 (60.6) | 46 (57.5) | 35 (40.7) | 0.003 |
| LUS score (IQR) | 4 (2–10) | 3 (0–5) | 0 (0–5) | < 0.001 |
| CT score (IQR) | 6 (2–11) | |||
| ROX index, mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 3.4 | 11.6 ± 4.8 | 14.9 ± 6.8 | < 0.001 |
| CURB-65 (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 0.016 |
| Critically ill patients, n (%) | 15 (45.5) | 10 (25.0) | 6 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive, n (%) | 33 (100) | 14 (35.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Leukocyte count, median (IQR) (109 L−1) | 5.1 (4.5–7.2) | 5.8 (5.0–8.4) | 5.5 (4.5–6.6) | 0.840 |
| Lymphocyte count, mean ± SD (109 L−1) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.015 |
| CRP, median (IQR) (mg∙L−1) | 46.2 (3.3–145.7) | 19.5 (4.1–75.2) | 7.2 (2.5–25.6) | 0.012 |
| IL-6, median (IQR) (pg∙mL−1) | 15.6 (3.5–46.6) | 6.3 (3.2–30.4) | 3.7 (1.7–7.0) | 0.001 |
a
Data were compared between days 0–7 and 15–21. Patients were grouped by time from symptom onset: group 1 (LUS at days 0–7 after symptom onset); group 2 (LUS at days 8–14 after symptom onset); and group 3 (LUS at days 15–21 after symptom onset).