Table 1.
Association of variables with seropositivity.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 478) | IgG+ (N = 130) | IgG- (N = 348) | p | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| From 20 to 39 | 230 (48%) | 58 (25%) | 172 (75%) | – | Ref |
| From 40 to 59 | 196 (41%) | 60 (30%) | 136 (70%) | 0.210 | 0.76 (0.5−1.16) |
| >60 | 52 (11%) | 12 (23%) | 40 (77%) | 0.740 | 1.12 (0.55−2.28) |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 329 (69%) | 87 (26%) | 242 (73%) | 0.600 | 0.9 (0.67,1.24) |
| Male | 149 (31%) | 43 (29%) | 106 (31%) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 132 (28%) | 41 (31%) | 91 (69%) | 0.005 | 2.42 (1.3−4.5) |
| Black | 87 (18%) | 28 (32%) | 59 (68%) | 0.006 | 2.55 (1.3−5.02) |
| Asian | 114 (24%) | 30 (26%) | 84 (74%) | 0.050 | 1.9 (1.00−3.69) |
| Other race | 30 (6%) | 13 (43%) | 17 (57%) | 0.002 | 4.1 (1.7−9.9) |
| Caucasian | 115 (24%) | 18 (15%) | 97 (85%) | – | Ref |
| Living conditions | |||||
| Alone | 116 (24%) | 30 (25%) | 86 (75%) | 0.800 | 0.93 (0.66−1.32) |
| With others | 362 (76%) | 100 (28%) | 262 (72%) | ||
| Housing | |||||
| Apartment/Condo | 269 (56%) | 83 (31%) | 186 (69%) | 0.040 | 1.37 (1.008,1.86) |
| Single family home | 209 (44%) | 47 (23%) | 162 (78%) | ||
| Means of travel to work | |||||
| Private transport | 252 (53%) | 60 (24%) | 192 (76%) | – | Ref |
| Public transportb | 204 (43%) | 59 (29%) | 145 (71%) | 0.200 | 1.3 (0.85−1.98) |
| Walk to work | 22 (4%) | 11 (50%) | 11 (50%) | 0.010 | 3.2 (1.3−7.75) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 81 (17%) | 25 (31) | 56 (69%) | 0.400 | 1.06 (0.9,1.2) |
| Diabetes | 31 (7%) | 10 (32%) | 21 (68%) | 0.300 | 1.08 (0.8−1.3) |
| Heart failure | 2 (0.5%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | 0.400 | 1.4 (0.36−5.83) |
| Copd/Asthma | 46 (10%) | 18 (39%) | 28 (61%) | 0.080 | 1.21 (0.95−1.54) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (0.6%) | 1 (33%) | 2 (67%) | 0.600 | 1.09 (0.49−2.43) |
| Cancer | 3 (0.6%) | 1 (33%) | 2 (67%) | 0.600 | 1.09 (0.49−2.43) |
| Rheumatological diseases | 10 (2%) | 4 (40%) | 6 (60%) | 0.270 | 1.21 (0.73−2.02) |
| History of BCG vaccinec | 204 (43%) | 63 (31%) | 141 (69%) | 0.120 | 1.09 (0.97−1.22) |
| History of symptoms of COVID | |||||
| Fever | 80 (17%) | 62 (78%) | 18 (23%) | <0.001 | 3.68 (2.44−5.54) |
| Myalgias | 128 (27%) | 70 (55%) | 58 (45%) | <0.001 | 5.84 (3.74,9.11) |
| Cough/Sorethroat/Sinusitis | 150 (31%) | 72 (48%) | 78 (52%) | <0.001 | 4.3 (2.8,6.59) |
| Ageusia | 61 (13%) | 53 (87%) | 8 (13%) | <0.001 | 29.25 (13.36−64.04) |
| Anosmia | 65 (14%) | 55 (85%) | 10 (15%) | <0.001 | 24.79 (12.08−50.86) |
| Diarrhea | 78 (16%) | 35 (45%) | 43 (55%) | <0.001 | 2.61 (1.58−4.32) |
| Nausea/Vomiting | 41 (9%) | 25 (61%) | 16 (39%) | <0.001 | 4.94 (2.54,9.6) |
| Asymptomatic | 253 (53%) | 32 (13%) | 221 (87%) | <0.001 | 0.19 (0.12−0.3) |
| Approximate duration of symptoms in days (IQR)a | 7 (3−14) | 14 (5−21) | 5 (3−7) | <0.001 | |
| <5 days | 94 (20%) | 26 (28%) | 68 (72%) | – | Ref |
| 6−14 days | 77 (16%) | 37 (48%) | 40 (52%) | 0.006 | 2.4 (1.2−4.5) |
| >14 days | 47 (10%) | 37 (79%) | 10 (21%) | <0.001 | 9.6 (4.2−22.2) |
| Type of PPE usedd | |||||
| N95 only | 76 (16%) | 19 (25%) | 57 (75%) | 0.300 | 0.87 (0.5,1.54) |
| Surgical mask only | 109 (23%) | 39 (36%) | 70 (64%) | 0.020 | 1.7 (1.08,2.69) |
| N95 and surgical mask | 361 (75%) | 90 (25%) | 271 (75%) | 0.050 | 0.64 (0.41,1) |
| Face shield and goggles | 329 (69%) | 77 (23%) | 252 (77%) | 0.004 | 0.55 (0.36,0.84) |
| None | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | 0.470 | 2.69 (0.17,43.2) |
| Nature of work | |||||
| Physician | 157 (33%) | 39 (25%) | 118 (75%) | – | Ref |
| Nurse | 142 (30%) | 40 (28%) | 102 (72%) | 0.510 | 1.18 (0.7−1.9) |
| Ancillary service | 72 (15%) | 20 (28%) | 52 (72%) | 0.600 | 1.1 (0.62−2.1) |
| Others | 107 (22%) | 31 (29%) | 76 (71%) | 0.450 | 1.2 (0.71−2.1) |
| Health care worker exposuree | |||||
| High and moderate | 65 (14%) | 25 (38%) | 40 (62%) | 0.710 | 1.84 (1.06,3.18) |
| Low | 413 (86%) | 105 (25 %) | 309 (75%) | ||
| Community exposuref | 119 (25%) | 44 (37%) | 75 (63%) | 0.005 | 1.86 (1.19−2.9) |
| Location of residence | |||||
| Manhattan | 79 (17%) | 22 (28%) | 57 (72%) | – | Ref |
| Bronx | 154 (32%) | 41 (27%) | 113 (73%) | 0.840 | 0.94 (0.51−1.7) |
| Brooklyn | 20 (4%) | 7 (35%) | 13 (65%) | 0.530 | 1.39 (0.49−3.95) |
| Queens | 39 (8%) | 12 (31%) | 27 (69%) | 0.740 | 1.15 (0.49−2.66) |
| Long island | 19 (4%) | 6 (32%) | 13 (68%) | 0.740 | 1.19 (0.40−3.5) |
| Upstate NY | 11 (2%) | 2 (18%) | 9 (82%) | 0.500 | 0.57 (0.11−2.87) |
| New Jersey | 47 (10%) | 9 (19%) | 38 (81%) | 0.270 | 0.61 (0.25−1.47) |
| Westchester county NY | 24 (5%) | 7 (29%) | 17 (71%) | 0.900 | 1.06 (0.38−2.92) |
| Rest of the country | 85 (18%) | 24 (28%) | 61 (72%) | 0.900 | 1.01 (0.51−2.01) |
| Travel historyg | |||||
| Domestic (High risk) | 26 (5%) | 3 (12%) | 23 (88%) | 0.040 | 0.18 (0.03−0.96) |
| International (High risk) | 19 (4%) | 5 (26%) | 14 (74%) | 0.340 | 1.9 (0.38−9.44) |
IQR-Interquartile Range.
Public Transport includes: Subway, Taxi or Bus.
BCG Vaccine received in childhood.
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.
High-Risk HCW defined as: HCP who had prolonged close contact with patients with COVID-19 not wearing a facemask while the HCP nose and mouth were exposed to material potentially infectious with the virus causing COVID-19 OR Being present in the room for procedures that generate aerosols or during which respiratory secretions are poorly controlled when the HCP’s eyes, nose, or mouth were not protected. Moderate Risk HCW was defined as: HCP who had prolonged close contact with patients with COVID-19 who were not wearing a facemask while the HCP nose and mouth were exposed to material potentially infectious with the virus causing COVID-19. Low-Risk HCW was defined as: Brief interactions with patients with COVID-19 or prolonged close contact with patients who were wearing a facemask for source control while the HCP was wearing a facemask or respirator.
Community Exposure defined as: Individual had close contact (<6 feet) for ≥15 min to a person with COVID-19 who had symptoms or a Person who has tested positive for COVID-19 but were asymptomatic.
High-Risk Domestic locations include: California and Washington state. High-Risk International locations include: China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, and Spain.