Figure 3.

Optimal bundle of care. ^⨹Not currently part of the standard American Heart Association or the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Each intervention requires adequate personnel and, in some cases, special devices and technology. Interventions that may be performed by either basic life support or advanced life support (ALS) personnel are found in bullet points that span both groups of rescuers. ACD = active compression decompression, AED = automated external defibrillator, ASAP = as soon as possible, CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ETCo₂ = end-tidal carbon dioxide, HUP = head up CPR, IO = intraosseous infusion, IV = IV access, ITD = impedance threshold device, LMA = laryngeal mask airway, Max = maximum, PEA = pulseless electrical activity, PRN = pro re nata, ROSC = return of spontaneous circulation, rSO₂ = regional oxygen saturation from cerebral oximetry, VF, V-Fib = ventricular fibrillation, V-Tach = ventricular tachycardia.