TABLE 1.

Key Features of Currently Available GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (7–13)

Generic Name	Derivation	Molecular Weight, kDa	Half-Life	Route of Administration	Dose	Frequency	Dosing Conditions
Lixisenatide	Animal	4.86	∼3 hours	Subcutaneous	Adults: 10 µg for 14 days,  then 20 µg from day 15	Once daily	At the same time each day,  ≤1 hour before the first meal of the day
Exenatide	Animal	4.19	2.4 hours	Subcutaneous	Adults: 5 µg per dose;  increase to 10 µg after 1 month based on clinical response	Twice daily	≤1 hour before morning  and evening meals (or the two main meals of the day, ≥6 hours apart)
Exenatide extended release	Animal	4.19	7–14 days	Subcutaneous	Adults: 2 mg	Once weekly	Can be taken at any time of  day with or without food
Liraglutide	Human	3.75	∼13 hours	Subcutaneous	Adults: 0.6 mg for 1 week,  then 1.2 mg; if required, increase dose to 1.8 mg after a further week	Once daily	Can be taken at any time of  day
					Children ≥10 years:  0.6 mg for ≥1 week; only increase the dose to 1.2 mg or 1.8 mg if required
Dulaglutide	Human	∼63	∼5 days	Subcutaneous	Adults: 0.75 mg, increased  to 1.5 mg, if needed	Once weekly	Can be taken at any time of  day with or without food
Semaglutide	Human	4.11	∼7 days	Subcutaneous	Adults: 0.25 mg, increasing  to 0.5 mg after 4 weeks. If required, increase to 1 mg after a further 4 weeks	Once weekly	Can be taken at any time of  day with or without food
Oral semaglutide	Human	4.11	∼7 days*	Oral	Adults: 3 mg for 30 days,  then 7 mg, escalated to 14 mg after a further 30 days, if required	Once daily	Must be taken on an empty  stomach with no more than 4 fl oz (120 mL) of plain water and at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or other oral medication of the day

^*After subcutaneous administration.