Table 2.

Cigarette smoking and total serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) in fully adjusted^a regression models among 928 African American (AA) men in Chicago 2013–2018 – logistic regression models including odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)(Model 1) with outcome of PSA >4 ng/mL and linear regression models including$\mathit{\beta }$ coefficient and 95% CI (Model 2) with outcome of total PSA (continuous).

Participant Characteristics	Logistic regression models		Linear regression models
	OR	(95% CI)	$\beta$	(95% CI)
Cigarette smoking history
Never	1.00	(Reference)	0.00	(Reference)
0 to 1 pack-year	1.86	(0.84 to 4.12)	0.12	(−0.25 to 0.49)
>1 pack-year	4.34	(1.73 to 10.9)**	0.52	(0.01 to 1.04)*
Cigarette smoking history
Never	1.00	(Reference)	0.00	(Reference)
Past	4.58	(1.83 to 11.5)*	0.53	(0.02 to 1.04)*
Current	1.83	(0.83 to 4.05)	0.12	(−0.26 to 0.49)
Cigarette smoking intensity
0–19 cigarettes per day	1.00	(Reference)	0.00	(Reference)
20 or more cigarettes per day	2.00	(1.09 to 3.68)*	0.12	(−0.27 to 0.52)
Cigarette pack-years (continuous)	1.02	(1.00 to 1.04)	0.00	(−0.01 to 0.02)
Cigarettes per day (continuous)	1.02	(0.99 to 1.04)	0.00	(−0.02 to 0.02)

^b Type 3 Analysis of Effect on the relevant cigarette smoking variable; χ² p-value for logistic regression models and F-ratio p-value for linear regression models.

^aAdjusted for age (continuous), marijuana use, other current tobacco use including E-cigarettes, cigars, pipes, snuff, chewing tobacco, and hookah, marital status, individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status, self-reported health, previous cancer diagnosis, body mass index, hypertension medication (yes/no), health insurance type, timing of last prostate specific antigen test, timing of last prostate exam such as digital rectal exam, and visits to a doctor in the last 12 months (quintiles).

^*p-value < 0.05.

^**p-value <0.01.