Fig. 5.

Across-participant correlations between NFB training efficacy and the change in pain threshold.

Individual NFB training efficacy was quantified using the regression slopes for the α-oscillation LI, and the change in pain thresholds was quantified as the difference between pre-NFB and post-NFB sessions (pre-NFB minus post-NFB). Across all participants (n = 45), NFB training efficacy was correlated with the degree of change in pain thresholds at hands contralateral or ipsilateral to NFB target site. Each dot represents a single participant. The black line represents the best linear fit for the data.