Table 3.
Stress Exposure and Metabolic Dysregulation (N = 6,452)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | |
| (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | |
| Racial disparity | ||||||||||
| Race (1 = Black) | 0.566*** | 0.493*** | 0.496*** | 0.492*** | 0.486*** | 0.493*** | 0.479*** | 0.484*** | 0.483*** | 0.480*** |
| (0.058) | (0.060) | (0.060) | (0.060) | (0.060) | (0.060) | (0.060) | (0.061) | (0.060) | (0.060) | |
| Domain-specific stressors | ||||||||||
| Lifetime traumas | 0.285* | |||||||||
| (0.144) | ||||||||||
| Stressful life events | 0.359† | |||||||||
| (0.185) | ||||||||||
| Financial strain | 0.048† | |||||||||
| (0.026) | ||||||||||
| Ongoing chronic strains | 0.113* | |||||||||
| (0.051) | ||||||||||
| Everyday discrimination | 0.101*** | |||||||||
| (0.029) | ||||||||||
| Major discrimination | 0.199 | |||||||||
| (0.144) | ||||||||||
| Composite stressors | ||||||||||
| High risk stress burden (high on 0 stressors is ref.) | ||||||||||
| High on 1 stressor | 0.078 | |||||||||
| (0.055) | ||||||||||
| High on 2 stressors | 0.029 | |||||||||
| (0.062) | ||||||||||
| High on 3 stressors | 0.139 | |||||||||
| (0.093) | ||||||||||
| High on 4 or more stressors | 0.172* | |||||||||
| (0.081) | ||||||||||
| Cumulative stress burden | 0.090*** | |||||||||
| (0.025) | ||||||||||
| Proportion race gap mediated by stressor(s) a | - | - | NS | NS | 0.016† | NS | 0.024** | NS | 0.017† | 0.029** |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age | −0.004† | −0.006** | −0.006** | −0.005* | −0.005* | −0.005* | −0.004† | −0.006* | −0.004* | −0.003 |
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Gender (1 = female) | 0.072† | 0.046 | 0.051 | 0.050 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.060 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.055 |
| (0.038) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.040) | |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||||||||
| Education (HS is reference) | ||||||||||
| <HS | 0.104† | 0.098 | 0.106† | 0.101† | 0.103† | 0.102† | 0.106† | 0.102† | 0.101† | |
| (0.060) | (0.060) | (0.060) | (0.059) | (0.059) | (0.059) | (0.060) | (0.059) | (0.059) | ||
| Some college | −0.042 | −0.046 | −0.047 | −0.041 | −0.044 | −0.042 | −0.048 | −0.049 | −0.051 | |
| (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | ||
| BA+ | −0.231*** | −0.229*** | −0.236*** | −0.227*** | −0.232*** | −0.231*** | −0.237*** | −0.234*** | −0.235*** | |
| (0.052) | (0.052) | (0.052) | (0.052) | (0.051) | (0.051) | (0.052) | (0.051) | (0.051) | ||
| Total household wealth | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000** | |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | ||
| Total household income | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | ||
| Marital status (married is reference) | ||||||||||
| Partnered | −0.135 | −0.141 | −0.137 | −0.140 | −0.145 | −0.146 | −0.140 | −0.151 | −0.153 | |
| (0.112) | (0.112) | (0.112) | (0.113) | (0.113) | (0.113) | (0.112) | (0.112) | (0.112) | ||
| Separated or divorced | −0.109† | −0.117† | −0.122* | −0.119† | −0.121* | −0.117† | −0.116† | −0.127* | −0.138* | |
| (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.061) | ||
| Widowed | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.007 | −0.001 | −0.009 | |
| (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.053) | ||
| Never married | −0.069 | −0.060 | −0.078 | −0.070 | −0.066 | −0.065 | −0.076 | −0.071 | −0.071 | |
| (0.120) | (0.120) | (0.121) | (0.120) | (0.120) | (0.120) | (0.121) | (0.121) | (0.121) |
Note: Results based on OLS regression models. Metabolic dysregulation was assessed in 2010–2012; all other covariates were measured in 2004–2008. Model estimates are weighted. HS = High school.
aProportion of racial disparity in metabolic dysregulation observed in Model 2 “explained away” by the stress measure(s) included in the model. p-value of mediation test. “NS” indicates no statistically significant mediation.
***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05, †p < .1.