TABLE 3.
Effects of fluid bolus and norepinephrine in hemodynamic, arterial variables and cardiac energetics in resuscitated septic animals (EDX-R group).
| 3 h post-LPS | After fluid bolus (20 mL/Kg) | After norepinephrine (4 h post-LPS) | |
| Hemodynamic variables | |||
| CO, l/min | 0.99 ± 0.14 | 1.16 ± 0.09* | 1.04 ± 0.12*† |
| SV, ml | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 0.6* | 4.1 ± 0.6 |
| SAP, mmHg | 50 ± 8 | 61 ± 10* | 77 ± 10*† |
| DAP, mmHg | 29 ± 3 | 35 ± 2* | 47 ± 6*† |
| MAP, mmHg | 38 ± 3 | 45 ± 4* | 59 ± 5*† |
| SVV, % | 22 ± 4 | 20 ± 3 | 24 ± 3† |
| PPV, % | 30 ± 7 | 19 ± 7* | 21 ± 6* |
| Eadyn | 1.38 ± 0.32 | 0.93 ± 0.24* | 0.87 ± 0.15* |
| Arterial variables | |||
| Ea, mmHg/ml⋅10–1 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.05 |
| C, ml/mmHg | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.14 ± 0.03 |
| Zc, dyn⋅s⋅cm–5⋅103 | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.35 ± 0.13 | 0.45 ± 0.07 |
| SVR, dyn⋅s⋅cm–5⋅103 | 2.32 ± 0.35 | 2.32 ± 0.27 | 3.42 ± 0.50*† |
| Cardiac variables | |||
| HR, beats/min | 234 ± 41 | 251 ± 25 | 256 ± 18 |
| Accel, m/s2 | 8.93 ± 1.03 | 9.91 ± 0.63 | 8.96 ± 1.42 |
| PV, m/s | 150.5 ± 13.6 | 171.7 ± 11.7* | 168 ± 16.5† |
| Cardiac energetics | |||
| Ẇtot, mW | 87 ± 12 | 128 ± 19* | 152 ± 22*† |
| Ẇstd, mW | 80 ± 10 | 115 ± 16* | 137 ± 20*† |
| Ẇosc, mW | 7 ± 2 | 13 ± 4 | 16 ± 2* |
| %Osc, % | 9 ± 2 | 10 ± 2 | 10 ± 1* |
| EER, mW⋅min⋅ml–1 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01*† |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Accel, maximal acceleration of aortic blood flow; C, net arterial compliance; CO, cardiac output; DAP, diastolic arterial pressure; Ea, effective arterial elastance; Eadyn, dynamic arterial elastance; EER, energy efficiency ratio (Ẇtot/CO); HR, heart rate; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PPV, arterial pulse pressure variation; PV, peak velocity of aortic blood flow; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; SV, stroke volume; SVV, stroke volume variation; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; Ẇosc, left ventricular oscillatory power; Ẇstd, left ventricular steady power; Ẇtot, left ventricular total power; Zc, characteristic impedance; %Osc, oscillatory power fraction (Ẇosc/Ẇtot). *p < 0.05 vs. 3h postLPS stage, †p < 0.05 vs. After fluid bolus stage (Bonferroni corrected).