Table 1.
Therapeutic agents regulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway or autophagy for glioblastoma (GB) treatment.
| Compound | Target | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gefitinib | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (10) |
| Erlotinib | EGFR inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (10) |
| BYL719 | PI3K inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (27) |
| GS-1101 | PI3K inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (27) |
| BKM120 | PI3K inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (28, 30) |
| PX-866 | PI3K inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (29, 80) |
| GDC-0941 | PI3K inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (9) |
| 3MA | PIK3C3 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (96) |
| Wortmannin | PIK3C3 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (37, 96) |
| LY294002 | PIK3C3 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (37, 96) |
| Perifosine | AKT inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (31) |
| Triciribine/API-2 | AKT inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (32) |
| Rapamycin | mTORC1 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (10) |
| Everolimus | mTORC1 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (33, 87) |
| Torin1 | mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (22) |
| PP242 | mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (22, 71) |
| CC214-1/2 | mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (22) |
| AZD8055 | mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (22) |
| OSI-027 | mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (22) |
| Curcumin | Polyphenol | Induced cell death | (8) |
| NVP-BEZ235 | PI3K/mTOR inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (34) |
| XL765 | PI3K/mTOR inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (35) |
| PI-103 | PI3K/mTOR inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (81) |
| CMG002 | PI3K/mTOR inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (85) |
| Chloroquine(CQ) | Lysosomal pH | Enhanced radiation sensitization | (94) |
| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) | Lysosomal pH | Enhanced radiation sensitization | (94) |
| Bafilomycin A1 | Vacuolar ATPase | Enhanced antitumor effect | (95) |
| SBI-0206965 | ULK1 inhibitor | Enhanced antitumor effect | (86) |
| SAR405 | VPS18/PIK3C3 inhibitor | Reduced proliferation | (87) |
| Lys05 | Unknown | Decreased cell growth | (97) |