Figure 10.

High-throughput microfluidic bioprinting. A) (i) Schematic of the fabrication process of the co-axial microfluidic chips. (ii) Schematic of the platform for (a) high-throughput printing of fibers with various compositions employing several (b,c) micromixers and co-axial flow channels with separate inlets for sheath flow. (iii) SEM images of (a-c) hemicylindrical, rectangular and cylindrical combination, and hemi-co-axial-flow channels, respectively. (d,e) Microdroplets and continues flow formation through the co-axial-flow channels, respectively. (f) Alginate microfiber formation through co-axial-flow channel. (iv) (a) Generation of a stepwise gradient in the fluid passing the channels with in-line micromixers, (b) high-throughput production of microfibers, and (c) optical and fluorescence images of fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged to bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA)-immobilized fibers fabricated through various channels. Scale bars: (iii:a,b,c) 200 μm, (iii:d,e) 700 μm, (iii:f) 1 mm, (iv:a,b) 1mm, (iv:c) 100 μm. Reproduced with permission.^[189] Copyright 2010, Royal Society of Chemistry. B) High-throughput multimaterial printing through dual hierarchical microvascular multinozzle printhead: (i) optical image of the printheads filled with blue (inlet above) and yellow (inlet below) inks. (ii,iii) Optical images of multilayer construct of blue and yellow wax filaments. The magnified image represents a single layer construct. (iv,v) Optical images of the printed construct out of wax filaments infilled with a photocurable epoxy resin. The magnified image shows the cross-section of a 10-layer three-dimensional (3D) construct after removing the sacrificial wax. Scale bars: (i,ii) 5 mm, (iii,iv) 2 mm, (v) 1 mm. Reproduced with permission^[234]. Copyright 2013, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.