Table 2.
Most significant changes in lipid, amino acid/peptide, and nucleotide metabolites with respect to time
| Metabolite | Pathway/type | P (adjusted) | Fold change Day 1 | Fold change Day 3 | Fold change Day 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipids | |||||
| 1‐Linoleoyl‐GPE (18:2)* | Lysophospholipid | 6.0 E‐19 | 0.196 | 0.657 | 1.030 |
| 1‐Arachidonoyl‐GPE (20:4n6)* | Lysophospholipid | 5.7 E‐17 | 0.203 | 0.628 | 0.938 |
| 1‐Oleoyl‐GPE (18:1) | Lysophospholipid | 3.5 E‐16 | 0.230 | 0.651 | 1.117 |
| Nervonoylcarnitine (C24:1)* | Acyl carnitine | 4.1 E‐15 | 0.533 | 1.159 | 1.895 |
| 1‐Palmitoyl‐2‐arachidonoyl‐GPI (16:0/20:4)* | Phosphatidylinositol | 9.9 E‐15 | 0.422 | 1.050 | 1.615 |
| 1‐Palmitoyl‐GPE (16:0) | Lysophospholipid | 1.8 E‐13 | 0.306 | 0.675 | 0.943 |
| 1‐(1‐Enyl‐palmitoyl)‐GPC (P‐16:0)* | Lysoplasmalogen | 2.5 E‐13 | 0.168 | 0.372 | 0.744 |
| Stearoylcarnitine (C18) | Acyl Carnitine | 9.4 E‐13 | 0.439 | 0.837 | 1.132 |
| Ximenoylcarnitine (C26:1)* | Acyl Carnitine | 2.2 E‐12 | 0.618 | 1.177 | 2.100 |
| 2‐Palmitoyl‐GPC (16:0)* | Lysophospholipid | 2.3 E‐12 | 0.250 | 0.525 | 0.807 |
| Amino acids | |||||
| N‐Acetylputrescine | Polyamine | 1.5 E‐16 | 4.53 | 1.87 | 1.35 |
| Pro‐hydroxy‐pro | Proline | 2.4 E‐13 | 16.03 | 5.59 | 1.91 |
| Gamma‐glutamylisoleucine* | Gamma‐glutamyl amino acid | 2.3 E‐12 | 0.59 | 1.57 | 1.61 |
| 5‐Hydroxyindole sulfate | Tryptophan | 3.4 E‐12 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.08 |
| Glutamine | Glutamate | 4.1 E‐11 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.70 |
| Phenylacetylglycine | Acetylated peptides | 1.0 E‐10 | 4.40 | 16.70 | 14.56 |
| Methionine sulfoxide | Methionine | 1.2 E‐10 | 2.11 | 2.52 | 1.64 |
| Isoleucylglycine | Dipeptide | 2.1 E‐10 | 17.49 | 7.17 | 2.69 |
| 6‐Oxopiperidine‐2‐carboxylate | Lysine | 2.6 E‐10 | 0.96 | 3.17 | 3.65 |
| Trans‐4‐hydroxyproline | Proline | 2.6 E‐10 | 2.96 | 2.34 | 1.30 |
| Nucleotides | |||||
| Uridine | Pyrimidine | 5.42E‐17 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.89 |
| Xanthine | Purine | 1.06E‐08 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.56 |
| Allantoin | Purine | 3.29E‐08 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.80 |
| 5,6‐Dihydrouracil | Pyrimidine | 1.23E‐05 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 1.03 |
| Urate | Purine | 2.01E‐05 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.82 |
| 5‐Methyluridine (ribothymidine) | Pyrimidine | 2.92E‐05 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.74 |
| Beta‐alanine | Pyrimidine | 1.18E‐04 | 1.07 | 1.21 | 1.78 |
| 2′‐O‐methyluridine | Pyrimidine | 1.51E‐04 | 1.24 | 1.64 | 2.07 |
| N‐Acetyl‐beta‐alanine | Pyrimidine | 2.40E‐04 | 1.45 | 1.11 | 1.60 |
| 2′‐O‐Methylcytidine | Pyrimidine | 3.42E‐04 | 2.46 | 3.11 | 4.24 |
A two‐way ANOVA was performed on log‐transformed data in Metaboanalyst as described in Methods. Fold change was calculated on unlogged data. C(x) refers to carbon chain length; GPC, glycerol phosphsphorylcholine; GPE, glycerol phosphsphorylethanolamine;
*
metabolite identification by mass spectrum only.