Table 2.
Association between anorexia of ageing and sarcopenia on multiple logistic regression models
| Crude model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Anorexia of ageing | 1.83 (1.38 —2.42) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.07 — 1.95) | 0.015 | 1.42 (1.06 —1.92) | 0.020 |
| Sociodemographic data | ||||||
| Age (vs. 74 years or younger) | 2.80 (2.23 —3.53) | <0.001 | 2.68 (2.13 — 3.38) | <0.001 | ||
| Male (vs. female) | 1.62 (1.19 — 2.20) | 0.002 | 1.62 (1.19 — 2.20) | 0.002 | ||
| Education (vs. 10 years or longer) | 1.01 (0.80 — 1.27) | 0.948 | 1.01 (0.80 — 1.27) | 0.945 | ||
| Medical information | ||||||
|
Polypharmacy (vs. four medications or less) |
1.56 (1.22 — 1.99) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.19 — 1.95) | 0.001 | ||
| Hypertension | 0.44 (0.34 — 0.55) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.35 — 0.56) | <0.001 | ||
| Diabetes | 0.91 (0.67 — 1.25) | 0.571 | 0.92 (0.67 — 1.25) | 0.581 | ||
| Hyperlipidaemia | 0.72 (0.56 — 0.91) | 0.006 | 0.74 (0.59 — 0.95) | 0.016 | ||
| Lifestyle factor | ||||||
| Drinking habit | ||||||
| Never drinker | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Stopped drinking | 0.69 (0.52 — 0.90) | 0.007 | 0.69 (0.52 — 0.91) | 0.008 | ||
| Current drinker | 0.49 (0.36 — 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.36 —0.67) | <0.001 | ||
| Smoking habit | ||||||
| Never smoker | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Stopped smoking | 0.93 (0.68 — 1.26) | 0.632 | 0.91 (0.67 — 1.24) | 0.558 | ||
| Current smoker | 1.02 (0.66 — 1.58) | 0.921 | 1.00 (0.65 — 1.56) | 0.990 | ||
| Physical inactivity | 1.63 (1.29 — 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.28 — 2.04) | <0.001 | ||
| Neuropsychological factor | ||||||
| Cognitive decline (vs. MMSE score of 24 or higher) | 1.31 (1.00 — 1.73) | 0.053 | 1.30 (0.98 — 1.71) | 0.064 | ||
| Depressive symptoms (vs. GDS score of 5 or lower) | 1.44 (1.10 — 1.88) | 0.009 | 1.41 (1.07 — 1.84) | 0.014 | ||
| Nutritional status | ||||||
| Lower total protein (vs. 7.0 g/dL or higher) | 0.98 (0.75 — 1.27) | 0.854 | ||||
| Lower albumin (vs. 4.2 g/dL or higher) | 1.57 (1.24 — 2.00) | <0.001 | ||||
Note. Adjusted Model 1: Adjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, and education), medical conditions (polypharmacy, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia), lifestyle factors (drinking habit, smoking habit, and physical activity), and neuropsychological factors (cognitive decline and depressive symptoms). Adjusted Model 2: Adjusted for the factors used in Model 1 plus nutritional status (lower total protein and lower albumin).
CI, confidence interval; GDS; Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; OR, odds ratio.