Table 1. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes of 116 patients who underwent preoperative CCRT followed by robotic rectal surgery.
| Characteristic | All patients (N = 116) | Time interval between radiotherapy completion and robotic surgery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (10–12 weeks) (N = 57) | Group B (≥ 12 weeks) (N = 59) | P value | |||
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean ± SDc (range) | 60.8 ± 12.9 (28–88) | 61.6 ± 9.8 (39–83) | 60.0 ± 15.3 (28–88) | 0.520 | |
| Median | 63.5 | 64.0 | 61.0 | ||
| Gender | 0.413 | ||||
| Female | 43 (37.1%) | 19 (33.3%) | 24 (40.7%) | ||
| Male | 73 (62.9%) | 38 (66.7%) | 35 (59.3%) | ||
| Tumor distance from anal verge (cm) | 0.215 | ||||
| ≦5 (Lower) | 64 (55.2%) | 28 (49.1%) | 36 (61.0%) | ||
| 6–10 (Middle) | 34 (29.3%) | 21 (36.8%) | 13 (22.0%) | ||
| 11–15 (Upper) | 18 (15.5%) | 8 (14.0%) | 10 (17.0%) | ||
| Distance from anal verge (cm) | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 6.6 ± 4.4 (1.0–20.0) | 6.9 ± 4.2 (1.0–15.0) | 6.2 ± 4.6 (1.0–20.0) | 0.403 | |
| Median | 5.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | ||
| Pre-CCRTb serum CEAc level | 0.416 | ||||
| <5 ng/ml | 70 (64.2%) | 38 (67.9%) | 32 (60.4%) | ||
| ≥5 ng/ml | 39 (35.8%) | 18 (32.1%) | 21 (39.6%) | ||
| Post-CCRTb serum CEAc level | 0.950 | ||||
| <5 ng/ml | 104 (89.7%) | 51 (89.5%) | 53 (89.8%) | ||
| ≥5 ng/ml | 12 (10.3%) | 6 (40.5%) | 6 (10.2%) | ||
| Post-op serum CEAc level | 0.618# | ||||
| <5 ng/ml | 127 (96.9%) | 55 (96.5%) | 57 (98.3%) | ||
| ≥5 ng/ml | 4 (3.1%) | 2 (3.5%) | 1 (1.7%) | ||
| ASAd score | 0.729 | ||||
| 2 | 67 (57.8%) | 32 (56.1%) | 35 (59.3%) | ||
| 3 | 49 (42.2%) | 24 (40.7%) | |||
| BMIe kg/m2 | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 24.3 ± 3.5 (17.6–41.1) | 24.6 ± 3.2 (19.2–33.3) | 24.0 ± 3.8 (17.6–41.1) | 0.331 | |
| Median | 23.6 | 24.2 | 23.3 | ||
| Perioperative outcomes | |||||
| Procedure | 0.112 | ||||
| LARf | 72 (62.1%) | 40 (70.2%) | 32 (54.2%) | ||
| ISRg | 42 (36.2%) | 17 (29.8%) | 25 (42.4%) | ||
| APRh | 2 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.4%) | ||
| Protective Diverting Colostomy | 0.134 | ||||
| Yes | 56 (49.1%) | 24 (42.1%) | 32 (56.1%) | ||
| No | 58 (50.9%) | 33 (57.9%) | 25 (43.9%) | ||
| Protective Diverting Colostomy in LARf | |||||
| Yes | 14 (19.4%) | 7 (17.5%) | 7 (21.9%) | 0.641 | |
| No | 58 (80.6%) | 33 (82.5%) | 25 (78.1%) | ||
| Docking Time (minutes) | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 4.0 ± 1.4 (3.0–11.0) | 4.1 ± 1.2 (3.0–8.0) | 4.5 ± 1.6 (3.0–11.0) | 0.125 | |
| Median | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | ||
| Console Time (minutes) | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 186.6 ± 47.8 (110.0–365.0) | 181.0 ± 43.8 (120.0–340.0) | 191.9 ± 51.3 (110.0–365.0) | 0.226 | |
| Median | 175.0 | 175.0 | 180.. | ||
| Operation Time (minutes) | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 303.4 ± 70.1 (200.0–620.0) | 295.6 ± 56.3 (200.0–465.0) | 314.8 ± 80.7 (200.0–620.0) | 0.146 | |
| Median | 295.0 | 290.0 | 300.0 | ||
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | ± | ||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 1109.7 ± 135.6 (15.0–11050.0) | 189.4 ± 82.8 (20.0–550.0) | 129.2 ± 170.5 (15.0–1050.0) | 0.117 | |
| Median | 770.0 | 50.0 | 77.5 | ||
| Duration of first flatus passage (day) | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 1.7± 1.0 (1.0–10.0) | 1.6± 0.7 (1.0–3.0) | 1.7 ± 1.3 (1.0–10.0) | 0.552 | |
| Median | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | ||
| Duration for resuming a soft diet (day) | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 3.8 ± 1.3 (2.0–12.0) | 3.7 ± 1.0 (2.0–8.0) | 3.9 ± 1.6 (2.0–12.0) | 0.389 | |
| Median | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | ||
| Post operative hospital stay (day) | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 7.1 ± 4.3 (4.0–46.0) | 6.6 ± 2.2 (4.0–18.0) | 7.6 ± 5.6 (5.0–46.0) | 0.236 | |
| Median | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | ||
| Post-operative first day pain score | |||||
| Mean ± SDa (range) | 3.3 ± 1.54 (0.0–7.0) | 3.1 ± 1.4 (0.0–7.0) | 3.4 ± 1.4 (1.0–7.0) | 0.286 | |
| Median | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||
a SD standard deviation
b CCRT concurrent chemoradiotherapy
c CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
d ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists
e BMI body mass index
f LAR low anterior resection
g ISR: intersphenteric resection
hAPR abdominoperineal resection.
* P value < 0.05
# Fisher exact test.