Table 2.
Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory characteristics and outcomes of the patients infected with COVID-19 analyzed in this review
| Total number of Confirmed Cases from Articles Reviewed | N = 2747 |
|---|---|
|
Age (years) (Mean ± SD) |
48 ± 10.3 |
|
Gender: | |
| Male |
1599/2736 (58.4%) |
| Female |
1130/2736 (41.3%) |
| Direct exposure with infected person |
909/1929 (47.1%) |
| Travel history to China |
371/1540 (24.1%) |
| China resident |
623/1420 (43.8%) |
|
Symptoms: | |
| Fever |
2209/2438 (90.6%) |
| Cough |
1656/2438 (67.9%) |
| Dyspnea |
554/2438 (22.7%) |
| Myalgia or fatigue |
1179/2438 (48.3%) |
| Sputum production/expectorant |
602/2438 (24.7%) |
| Headache |
235/2438 (9.6%) |
| Diarrhea |
121/2438 (4.9%) |
| Nausea/vomiting |
124/2438 (5.1%) |
| Hemoptysis |
14/2438 (0.57%) |
| Sore throat |
192/2438 (7.9%) |
| Nasal congestion |
25/2438 (1%) |
|
Risk factors/comorbidities: | |
| Hypertension |
422/2188 (19.3%) |
| Smoking |
189/1678 (11.3%) |
| Diabetes mellitus |
217/2169 (10%) |
| Cardiovascular disease |
166/2244 (7.4%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease |
32/960 (3.3%) |
| Pulmonary disease |
53/2169 (2.4%) |
| Chronic liver disease |
53/2188 (2.4%) |
| Malignancy |
39/2206 (1.8%) |
| Other comorbidities |
380/2157 (17.6%) |
|
Laboratory parameters: | |
| Leukopenia |
464/1668 (27.8%) |
| Lymphopenia |
634/1737 (36.5%) |
| Thrombocytopenia |
340/1389 (24.5%) |
| Elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) |
301/1527 (19.7%) |
| Elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) |
316/1678 (18.8%) |
| Elevated c-reactive protein (CRP) |
707/1388 (51%) |
| Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
700/1678 (41.7%) |
| Elevated creatinine kinase |
126/1408 (9%) |
| Elevated creatinine |
32/1590 (2.01%) |
| Elevated D-dimer |
457/1590 (28.7%) |
| Elevated total bilirubin |
104/1399 (7.4%) |
| Elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) |
25/292 (8.6%) |
| Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
6/99 (6%) |
| Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) |
55/224 (24.5%) |
|
Computed tomography (CT) scan use: | |
| Abnormal CT chest |
1321/1598 (82.7%) |
| Bilateral lung affected |
1445/2197 (65.7%) |
| Ground glass opacity |
975/1637 (59.5%) |
|
Treatments utilized: | |
| Antibiotic use |
1406/2042 (68.8%) |
| Antiviral use |
1054/2144 (49.2%) |
| Corticosteroid use |
548/2107 (26%) |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin use |
275/1859 (14.8%) |
| Oxygen |
1061/2063 (51.4%) |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy |
42/1620 (2.6%) |
|
Complications: | |
| Pneumonia |
1412/1722 (82%) |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
291/1842 (15.7%) |
| Septic shock |
66/1527 (4.3%) |
| Cardiac complication |
136/514 (26.4%) |
| Secondary infection |
44/393 (11.2%) |
| Other |
210/1600 (13.1%) |
|
Outcomes: | |
| Deaths |
188/2243 (8.4%) |
| Recovery |
370/1813 (20.4%) |
| Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions |
322/2090 (15.4%) |
| Mechanical ventilation requirement | 304/2035 (14.9%) |