Table 6.
Testing policies and in-hospital COVID-19 infection by country (countries with ≥25 centers)
| Overall |
Countries |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Italy-H |
Spain-H |
USA-H |
UK-H |
France-H |
China-I |
Turkey-I |
Netherlands-I |
Japan-L |
Russia-L |
||||||||||||||
| 936 |
143 |
74 |
58 |
28 |
27 |
58 |
29 |
25 |
134 |
115 |
|||||||||||||
|
Testing policies recommended by the local guidelines. No. (%):* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Everyone |
172 (18.4) |
45 (31.5) |
21 (28.4) |
7 (12.1) |
5 (17.9) |
6 (22.2) |
11 (19.0) |
5 (17.2) |
10 (40.0) |
10 (7.5) |
6 (5.2) |
||||||||||||
| All oncologic patients |
56 (6.0) |
17 (11.9) |
8 (10.8) |
1 (1.7) |
4 (14.3) |
2 (7.4) |
0 (0.0) |
4 (13.8) |
1 (4.0) |
4 (3.0) |
2 (1.7) |
||||||||||||
| All emergency patients |
101 (10.8) |
20 (14.0) |
10 (13.5) |
2 (3.4) |
4 (14.3) |
4 (14.8) |
5 (8.6) |
5 (17.2) |
3 (12.0) |
7 (5.2) |
7 (6.1) |
||||||||||||
| Symptomatic or suspicious radiological features |
673 (71.9) |
89 (62.2) |
47 (63.5) |
43 (74.1) |
21 (75.0) |
22 (81.5) |
46 (79.3) |
20 (69.0) |
13 (52.0) |
115 (85.8) |
89 (77.4) |
||||||||||||
|
Preoperative chest CT performed. No. (%): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes |
213 (22.8) |
35 (24.5) |
20 (27.0) |
4 (6.9) |
14 (50.0) |
8 (29.6) |
51 (87.9) |
13 (44.8) |
11 (44.0) |
22 (16.4) |
6 (5.2) |
||||||||||||
| No |
394 (42.1) |
51 (35.7) |
41 (55.4) |
37 (63.8) |
8 (28.6) |
7 (25.9) |
2 (3.4) |
3 (10.3) |
5 (20.0) |
40 (29.9) |
68 (59.1) |
||||||||||||
| Only if symptomatic |
320 (34.2) |
56 (39.2) |
12 (16.2) |
14 (24.1) |
6 (21.4) |
12 (44.4) |
5 (8.6) |
13 (44.8) |
9 (36.0) |
71 (53.0) |
38 (33.0) |
||||||||||||
| Others |
9 (1.0) |
1 (0.7) |
1 (1.4) |
3 (5.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.7) |
3 (2.6) |
||||||||||||
|
Testing policies on staff members. No. (%):* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Everyone is routinely tested every two/four weeks |
23 (2.5) |
13 (9.1) |
1 (1.4) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (0.7) |
4 (3.5) |
||||||||||||
| Mandatory if risk contact/symptoms |
570 (60.9) |
109 (76.2) |
35 (47.3) |
24 (41.4) |
5 (17.9) |
13 (48.1) |
29 (50.0) |
24 (82.8) |
19 (76.0) |
81 (60.4) |
74 (64.3) |
||||||||||||
| On request if risk contact/symptoms |
435 (46.5) |
51 (35.7) |
49 (66.2) |
38 (65.5) |
17 (60.7) |
19 (70.4) |
37 (63.8) |
12 (41.4) |
6 (24.0) |
64 (47.8) |
16 (13.9) |
||||||||||||
| No test |
46 (4.9) |
1 (0.7) |
0 (0.0) |
7 (12.1) |
5 (17.9) |
1 (3.7) |
1 (1.7) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (4.0) |
0 (0.0) |
19 (16.5) |
||||||||||||
|
Testing type. No. (%): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 PCR swab |
392 (41.9) |
74 (51.7) |
47 (63.5) |
33 (56.9) |
14 (50.0) |
18 (66.7) |
6 (10.3) |
7 (24.1) |
12 (48.0) |
53 (39.6) |
23 (20.0) |
||||||||||||
| 2 PCR swabs |
216 (23.1) |
41 (28.7) |
15 (20.3) |
6 (10.3) |
8 (28.6) |
5 (18.5) |
17 (29.3) |
11 (37.9) |
9 (36.0) |
12 (9.0) |
32 (27.8) |
||||||||||||
| PCR + antibodies |
71 (7.6) |
13 (9.1) |
2 (2.7) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (3.7) |
23 (39.7) |
4 (13.8) |
0 (0.0) |
4 (3.0) |
9 (7.8) |
||||||||||||
| I don't know |
257 (27.5) |
15 (10.5) |
10 (13.5) |
19 (32.8) |
6 (21.4) |
3 (11.1) |
12 (20.7) |
7 (24.1) |
4 (16.0) |
65 (48.4) |
51 (44.3) |
||||||||||||
|
Wait time for test results. No. (%): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1-6 h |
169 (18.1) |
31 (21.7) |
20 (27.0) |
2 (3.4) |
3 (10.7) |
7 (25.9) |
17 (29.3) |
2 (6.9) |
11 (44.0) |
18 (13.4) |
9 (7.8) |
||||||||||||
| 6 h-1 d |
305 (32.6) |
71 (49.7) |
30 (40.5) |
6 (10.3) |
7 (25.0) |
12 (44.4) |
16 (27.6) |
4 (13.8) |
13 (52.0) |
46 (34.3) |
13 (11.3) |
||||||||||||
| More than 1 d |
325 (34.7) |
35 (24.5) |
22 (29.7) |
46 (79.3) |
15 (53.6) |
8 (29.6) |
8 (13.8) |
18 (62.1) |
1 (4.0) |
35 (26.1) |
48 (41.7) |
||||||||||||
| I don't know |
137 (14.6) |
6 (4.2) |
2 (2.7) |
4 (6.9) |
3 (10.7) |
0 (0.0) |
17 (29.3) |
5 (17.2) |
0 (0.0) |
35 (26.1) |
45 (39.1) |
||||||||||||
|
Experienced in-hospital COVID-19 infection. No. (%): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes |
295 (31.5) |
93 (65.0) |
47 (63.5) |
11 (19.0) |
13 (46.4) |
13 (48.1) |
2 (3.4) |
12 (41.4) |
14 (56.0) |
11 (8.2) |
20 (17.4) |
||||||||||||
| No/I don’t know |
641 (68.5) |
50 (35.0) |
27 (36.5) |
47 (81.0) |
15 (53.6) |
14 (51.9) |
56 (96.6) |
17 (58.6) |
11 (44.0) |
123 (91.8) |
95 (82.6) |
||||||||||||
|
If yes, source of the outbreak traced? No. (%):† | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| We had hospital outbreak but could not trace them |
122 (41.4) |
48 (51.6) |
27 (57.4) |
2 (18.2) |
7 (53.8) |
8 (61.5) |
1 (50.0) |
0 (0.0) |
5 (35.7) |
2 (18.2) |
8 (40.0) |
||||||||||||
| Yes, started from a symptomatic staff member/patient |
89 (30.2) |
21 (22.6) |
9 (19.1) |
5 (45.5) |
3 (23.1) |
4 (30.8) |
1 (50.0) |
8 (66.7) |
6 (42.9) |
1 (9.1) |
8 (40.0) |
||||||||||||
| Yes, started from an asymptomatic staff member/patient |
58 (19.7) |
22 (23.7) |
7 (14.9) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (7.7) |
1 (7.7) |
0 (0.0) |
4 (33.3) |
2 (14.3) |
0 (0.0) |
4 (20.0) |
||||||||||||
| Others |
26 (8.8) |
2 (2.2) |
4 (8.5) |
4 (36.4) |
2 (15.4) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
1 (7.1) |
8 (72.7) |
0 (0) |
||||||||||||
|
Staff testing positive with symptoms. No. (%): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes |
296 (31.6) |
62 (43.4) |
41 (55.4) |
25 (43.1) |
17 (60.7) |
17 (63.0) |
6 (10.3) |
15 (51.7) |
18 (72.0) |
9 (6.7) |
9 (7.8) |
||||||||||||
| No/I don’t know |
640 (68.4) |
81 (56.6) |
33 (44.6) |
33 (56.9) |
11 (39.3) |
10 (37.0) |
52 (89.7) |
14 (48.3) |
7 (28.0) |
125 (93.3) |
106 (92.2) |
||||||||||||
|
Policies for asymptomatic infected staff. No. (%):* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placed in mandatory quarantine |
725 (77.5) |
117 (81.8) |
62 (83.8) |
35 (60.3) |
20 (71.4) |
15 (55.6) |
47 (81.0) |
21 (72.4) |
19 (76.0) |
111 (82.8) |
68 (59.1) |
||||||||||||
| Placed in voluntary quarantine |
125 (13.4) |
15 (10.5) |
3 (4.1) |
9 (15.5) |
6 (21.4) |
7 (25.9) |
10 (17.2) |
5 (17.2) |
3 (12.0) |
32 (23.9) |
16 (13.9) |
||||||||||||
| Continue working |
41 (4.4) | 7 (4.9) |
2 (2.7) |
7 (12.1) |
2 (7.1) |
7 (25.9) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (0.7) |
6 (5.2) |
||||||||||||
Country-H - High risk country, Country-I - Intermediate risk country, Country-L - Low risk country, CT - computed tomography, PCR - polymerase chain reaction
*Percentages do not add up to 100 because of the multiple choice questions.
†The sum was the number of the respondents who answered “yes” in the question “Experienced in-hospital COVID-19 infection.”