Table 2.

Modulating DNA methylation or histone modification enzyme.

lncRNAs	Cancer type	Functions and phenotype	References
lnc-β-Catm	Liver cancer	lnc-β-Catm serves as a co-activator of EZH2 to mediate the methylation of β-catenin and activates Wnt–β-catenin signalling in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs).	[47]
BCAR4	Breast cancer	Interacts with SNIP1 and releases the SNIP1’s inhibition of p300-dependent histone acetylation, it promotes H3K18 acetylation of the GLI2 target genes promoter. Besides, BCAR4 recruits PNUTS to interact with H3K18ac and disrupts inhibition of RNA Pol II, activating target genes of GLI2 expression, promoting tumour invasion and metastasis.	[53]
SANT1	Renal cell carcinoma	Removes SFPQ/E2F1/HDAC1 suppressor complex from the promoter region and increases the acetylation of H3K27 to promote SLC47A2 expression	[55]
TARID	Non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer	Induces an R-loop formation at the TCF21 promoter, recruits GADD45A and TET1. It leads to demethylation of TCF21 promoter, activates the tumour suppressor TCF21 and inhibit tumour development.	[68,69]
EBIC	Cervical cancer	Recruits EZH2 to E-cadherin promoter, promotes cell metastasis and invasion	[72]
AGAP2-AS1	Non-small cell lung cancer	recruits EZH2 and LSD1, represses tumour suppressors KLF2 and LATS2 transcription via H3K27me3, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis.	[80]
APC	Liver cancer	Recruits EZH2 to APC promoter, represses the expression of APC and activates Wnt/β-catenin signalling to promote the self-renewal of TIC cells.	[81]
TUG1	Non-small cell lung cancer, liver cancer, glioma	Recruits EZH2 to target genes’ promoters, inhibits genes’ expression and cancer development. It also acts as a scaffold to recruit EZH2 and YY1 to repress differentiation genes in glioma stem cells (GSCs)	[82–84]
LINC00152	Gastric cancer	Binds to EZH2 and represses p15 and p21 transcription to accelerate the cell cycle and promote cell proliferation.	[85]
lncRNA-p21	Prostate cancer	Switches the activity of EZH2 from histone-methyltransferase to non-histone methyltransferase, induces EZH2 methylating STAT3 to promote neuroendocrine differentiation (NED).	[86]
LNMAT1	Bladder cancer	Recruits hnRNPL to CCL2 promoter to enhance the expression of CCL2 by increasing H3K4me3. It induces CCL2 recruiting macrophages into the tumour and promotes lymphatic metastasis.	[87]
EZR-AS1	Human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Recruits histone methyltransferase SMYD3 to a binding site that is presented in a GC-rich region downstream of the EZR promoter. It causes the local enrichment of H3K4me3, promotes cell proliferation and invasion.	[88]
LINC00473	Breast cancer	Recruits phosphorylated CREB or FUS to CCND1 promoter, maintaining the expression levels of CCND1. It can promote cell proliferation.	[90]
BCAR4	Breast cancer	Recruits GLI2 to promoters of HK2 and PFBFK3, promotes H3K27 acetylation, cell migration and invasion.	[91]
SATB2-AS1	Colorectal carcinoma	Recruits p300, acetylates H3K27 and H3K9 at the SATB2 promoter for SATB2 activation. It suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion.	[56]