Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Participants (N = 279)
| Persons with ADHD (n = 138) |
Controls (n = 141) |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n(%) | n(%) | |||
| Age, years, mean±SD | 27.0±9.0 | 27.5±6.9 | t= –0.564 | 0.573 |
| Male Female |
94(68.1) 44(31.9) |
80(56.7) 61(43.3) |
χ2 = 3.847 | 0.050 |
| Education | χ2 = 24.962 | <0.001 | ||
| Middle school or less | 5(3.6) | 0(0.0) | – | – |
| High school | 85(61.6) | 53(37.6) | – | – |
| College or university | 36(26.1) | 72(51.1) | – | – |
| Graduate school | 12(8.7) | 16(11.3) | – | – |
| IQ, mean±SD | 99.65(±17.10) | 113.48(±13.12) | t = –7.15 | <0.001 |
| ASRS, mean±SD | ||||
| ASRS Screener | 3.74±1.88 | 1.27±1.52 | t =12.06 | <0.001 |
| ASRS Total score | 29.90±16.63 | 12.52±9.22 | t = 10.77 | <0.001 |
| Employment | 48.796 | <0.001 | ||
| Job | 57(51.3) | 59(41.8) | – | – |
| No job | 40(29.0) | 11(7.8) | ||
| Student | 41(29.7) | 71(50.4) | – | – |
| Comorbid disorders | ||||
| Mood disorder | 41(29.7) | 10(7.0.) | – | – |
| Anxiety disorder | 20(14.5) | 8(5.6) | – | – |
| SUD | 14(10.1) | 0(0.0) | – | – |
| Others* | 25(18.1) | 2(1.4) | – | – |
Note: *Others: suicide ideation, trauma- and stress-related disorder, motor disorder, personality disorder, obsessive–compulsive and related disorder, and eating disorder.
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; SD, standard deviation; IQ, intelligent quotient; ASRS, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; SUD, substance use disorder.