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The figure shows the central program generator (CPG) located in the medulla oblongata and corresponding to the nucleus tractus solitaries (NTS), which receive both ascending and descending inputs and project to the ipsilateral brainstem nucleus such as nucleus ambiguous (NA); nucleus of V, VII, IX, X and XII cranial nerves; and C1–C3 tract of the cervical medulla. The existence of two CPGs can explain the recovery of the swallowing function after lesion of one CPG
