Table 3.
MRI features
| Hajj-Ali et al., 2002 [1] | Volcy et al., 2004 [5] | McLaren et al., 2005 [6] | Kuker et al., 2008 [7] | Molloy et al., 2008 [8] | Lee et al., 2009 [9] | Pizzanelli et al., 2011 [10] | Kreamer et al., 2011 [11] | Neel et al., 2012 [12] | Pfefferkorn et al., 2012 [13] | Pourmahmoodian et al., 2012 [14] | Coronel-Restrepo et al., 2013 [15] | Cosottini et al., 2014 [16] | Geri et al., 2014 [17] | Oon et al., 2014 [18] | Vera-Lastra et al., 2014 [19] | Salvarani et al., 2015 [20] | Singhal et al., 2016 [21] | Becker et al., 2017 [22] | De Boysson et al., 2017 [23] | Niu et al., 2017 [25] | Schuster et al., 2017 [26] | Peng et al., 2017 [27] | Harsha et al., 2017 [28] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 16) | (n = 5) | (n = 12) | (n = 16) | (n = 38) | (n = 4) | (n = 8) | (n = 21) | (n = 8) | (n = 4) | (n = 3) | (n = 3) | (n = 8) | (n = 18) | (n = 12) | (n = 12) | (n = 163) | (n = 47) | (n = 25) | (n = 102) | (n = 19) | (n = 31) | (n = 5) | (n = 5) | |
| Performed in | 81.25% (13) | 100% (5) | 100% (12) | 100% (16) | [79% [30]] | 100% [4] | 100% [8] | 100% [21] | 100% [8] | 100% [4] | [66% [2]] | 100% [3] | 100% [8] | 100% [18] | 100% [12] | 100% [12] | 91.4% (149) | 100% [47] | 96% [24] | 100% (102) | 100% [19] | 100% [31] | 100% [5] | 100% [5] |
| [Enhanced in] | [100% [16]] | 79% [30] | [75% [3]] | [100% [21]] | [100% [8]] | 66% [2] | [33% [1]] | [100% [12]] | [91.4% (149)] | [96% [24]] | [83% (85)] | [100% [19]] | [100% [31]] | [100% [5]] | [100% [5]] | |||||||||
| Abnormal in | 77% [10] | ND | 100% [12] | ND | 100% [30] | 100% [4] | 100% [8] | 100% [21] | 100% [8] | 100% [4] | 100% [2] | 100% [3] | ND | 100% [18] | 100% [12] | ND | ND | 100% [47] | 100% [24] | ND | 100% [19] | 100% [31] | 100% [5] | 100% [5] |
| Infarction | 30.7% [4] | ND | 75% [9] | 62.5% [10] | ND | ND | 50% [4] | 76.2% [16] | 87.5% [7] | 100% [4] | 50% [1] | ND | 25% [2] | ND | 91.6% [11] | 33.3% [4] | 54.4% (81) | 81% [33] | ND | 73% (74) | ND | 54.8% [17] | ND | ND |
| Multiple lesions | 23% [3] | 60% [3] | 75% [9] | 93,7% [15] | ND | 50% [2] | 50% [4] | 100% [21] | ND | ND | 100% [2] | 66.7% [2] | 62.5% [5] | 100% [18] | ND | 67% [8] | 45.6% (41/90)3 | 66% [31] | ND | 94.1% (48/51) 24 | 63% [12] | 96,7% [30] | ND | 80% [4] |
| Single lesion | ND | 40% [2] | 25% [3] | ND | ND | 50% [2] | ND | 0% (0) | ND | ND | 0% (0) | 33,3% [1] | ND | 0% (0) | 8.4% [1] | ND | 7.8% (7/90) 3 | ND | ND | 5.9% (3/51)24 | 37% [7] | ND | ND | 0% (0) |
| Parenchymal/meningeal contrast enhancement (PCE or MCE when specified) | ND | ND | ND | 6.5% [1] | 50% [15] | 100% (3/3) | ND | 38% [8] | 25% [2] | ND | 100% [2] | 100% [1] | ND | ND | MCE 33% [4] | ND | 40.3% [59] | ND | 67% [16] | 47% (40/85), PCE 41% (35/85), MCE28% (24/85) | 100% [19] | 54.8% [17] | PCE 100% [5], MCE40% [2] | 100% [5] |
| Intracranial (ICH)/subarachnoid (SAH)/not specified (H) hemorrhage | ICH 15,3% [2], SAH 7,7% [1] | ND | ND | ND | H 16,7% [5] | ND | ICH or SAH 62.5% [5] | ICH 4.8% [1] | ND | ND | 50% [1] | 33.3% [1] | ICH 12.5% [1] SAH 37.5% [3] | 21,1% [4] | ND | ND | 7.8% (7/90) 3 | ICH 9% [4]; SAH 2% [1] | ICH 16.7% [4] | H 33% [34] | ND | 16.1% [5] | ND | ND |
| Mass-like lesion | ND | ND | ND | ND | 100% [30] | 100% [4] | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 29.2% [7] | 12% [12] | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Vessel wall contrast enhancement (black blood MRI) | ND | ND | ND | 81,25% [13] | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 100% [4] | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
*ND no data