Table 2.
Changes in anxiety and worry symptoms.
| Outcome | Group | Baseline | Week 1 | SMD | Hedges’ d | Week 4 | SMD | Hedges’ d | Week 8 | SMD | Hedges’ d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety Symptoms (STAI-Y2) | RET | 39.9 (7.9) | 36.3 (10.6) | − 0.45 | 0.51 (− 0.25 to 1.28) | 36.2 (10.5) | − 0.46 | − 0.35 (− 0.41 to 1.11) | 31.8 (8.0)* | 1.03 | 0.85 (0.06 to 1.63) |
| WL | 36.7 (9.1) | 37.6 (8.6) | 0.10 | 36.2 (9.8) | − 0.06 | 36.0 (9.5) | − 0.08 | ||||
| Worry Symptoms (PSWQ) | RET | 47.8 (11.0) | 45.2 (11.0) | − 0.23 | 0.02 (− 0.72 to 0.76) | 46.1 (10.5) | − 0.15 | − 0.19 (− 0.93 to 0.56) | 44.4 (11.8) | − 0.31 | − 0.22 (− 0.96 to 0.53) |
| WL | 47.3 (11.3) | 44.9 (11.8) | − 0.21 | 43.5 (15.3) | − 0.33 | 41.4 (16.0)* | − 0.52 | ||||
| Worry-Engagement (PSWQ-WE) | RET | 30.7 (8.6) | 30.1 (8.9) | − 0.08 | − 0.19 (− 0.94 to 0.55) | 29.8 (7.0) | − 0.11 | − 0.28 (− 1.02 to 0.47) | 28.4 (8.8) | − 0.27 | − 0.20 (− 0.94 to 0.54) |
| WL | 29.8 (7.9) | 27.5 (8.6) | − 0.29 | 26.5 (10.9) | − 0.42 | 25.8 (10.3)* | − 0.51 | ||||
| Absence of Worry (PSWQ-AW) | RET | 17.1 (3.5) | 15.1 (3.9) | − 0.58 | 0.46 (− 0.29 to 1.21) | 15.7 (4.6) | − 0.40 | 0.23 (− 0.51 to 0.97) | 15.9 (5.0) | − 0.36 | − 0.18 (− 0.92 to 0.57) |
| WL | 17.5 (4.5) | 17.4 (4.5) | − 0.02 | 17.1 (5.1) | − 0.10 | 15.6 (6.2) | − 0.43 |
RM-ANCOVA controlling for sex, age, and non-intervention physical activity; *indicates a significant difference from the baseline score in simple effects analyse.
SMD standardized mean difference, RET resistance exercise training, WL wait-list, STAI-Y2 trait anxiety inventory, PSWQ Penn state worry questionnaire, PSWQ-WE Penn state worry questionnaire-worry engagement, PSWQ-AW Penn state worry questionnaire-absence of worry.