Table 5.
Causality Toda-Yamamotto estimation result.
| Model | Variabel | Total of Obs | F-Statistic | Prob. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | IGINI does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 0.0027 | 0.9586 |
| POV does not Causality Wald IGINI | 0.5273 | 0.4698 | ||
| LNGRDP does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 0.7077 | 0.4027 | |
| POV does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 6.2152 | 0.014∗∗ | ||
| LNINFRAS does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 13.5110 | 0.0004∗∗∗ | |
| POV does not Causality Wald LNINFRAS | 24.9693 | 3.E-06∗∗∗ | ||
| LNEDUC does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 59.7045 | 3.E-11∗∗∗ | |
| POV does not Causality Wald LNEDUC | 0.6673 | 0.4164 | ||
| FINDEXD1 does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 2.0058 | 0.1606 | |
| POV does not Causality Wald FINDEXD1 | 5.5970 | 0.0204∗∗ | ||
| FINDEXD2 does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 0.5567 | 0.4578 | |
| POV does not Causality Wald FINDEXD2 | 97.4591 | 2.E-15∗∗∗ | ||
| FINDEXD3 does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 0.0458 | 0.8310 | |
| POV does not Causality Wald FINDEXD3 | 4.3642 | 0.0399∗∗ | ||
| UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald POV | 84 | 0.2705 | 0.6044 | |
| POV does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 4.4404 | 0.0382∗∗ | ||
| Model 2 | LNGRDP does not Causality Wald IGINI | 84 | 2.9511 | 0.0897∗ |
| IGINI does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 1.2829 | 0.2607 | ||
| LNINFRAS does not Causality Wald IGINI | 84 | 0.4334 | 0.5122 | |
| IGINI does not Causality Wald LNINFRAS | 0.6252 | 0.4314 | ||
| LNEDUC does not Causality Wald IGINI | 84 | 0.6603 | 0.4188 | |
| IGINI does not Causality Wald LNEDUC | 1.2574 | 0.2655 | ||
| FINDEXD1 does not Causality Wald IGINI | 84 | 2.0440 | 0.1567 | |
| IGINI does not Causality Wald FINDEXD1 | 0.1613 | 0.6890 | ||
| FINDEXD2 does not Causality Wald IGINI | 84 | 0.0175 | 0.8948 | |
| IGINI does not Causality Wald FINDEXD2 | 7.8871 | 0.0063∗∗∗ | ||
| FINDEXD3 does not Causality Wald IGINI | 84 | 0.1818 | 0.6710 | |
| IGINI does not Causality Wald FINDEXD3 | 0.0245 | 0.8760 | ||
| UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald IGINI | 84 | 3.0985 | 0.0822∗ | |
| IGINI does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 2.0135 | 0.1598 | ||
| Model 3 | LNINFRAS does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 84 | 4.3322 | 0.0406∗∗ |
| LNGRDP does not Causality Wald LNINFRAS | 1.3588 | 0.2472 | ||
| LNEDUC does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 84 | 12.9308 | 0.0006∗∗∗ | |
| LNGRDP does not Causality Wald LNEDUC | 0.7476 | 0.3898 | ||
| FINDEXD1 does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 84 | 0.0388 | 0.8442 | |
| LNGRDP does not Causality Wald FINDEXD1 | 0.0033 | 0.9541 | ||
| FINDEXD2 does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 84 | 0.4900 | 0.4859 | |
| LNGRDP does not Causality Wald FINDEXD2 | 8.0546 | 0.0057∗∗∗ | ||
| FINDEXD3 does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 84 | 0.3276 | 0.5686 | |
| LNGRDP does not Causality Wald FINDEXD3 | 1.0147 | 0.3168 | ||
| Model 4 | UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald LNGRDP | 84 | 0.1478 | 0.7016 |
| LNGRDP does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 0.1870 | 0.6665 | ||
| UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald LNINFRAS | 84 | 0.2122 | 0.6463 | |
| LNINFRAS does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 13.1643 | 0.0005∗∗∗ | ||
| UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald LNEDUC | 83 | 0.0008 | 0.9766 | |
| LNEDUC does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 15.689 | 0.0002∗∗∗ | ||
| UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald FINDEXD1 | 84 | 0.2006 | 0.6554 | |
| FINDEXD1 does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 0.0571 | 0.8116 | ||
| UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald FINDEXD2 | 84 | 3.6193 | 0.0607∗ | |
| FINDEXD2 does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 0.0441 | 0.8342 | ||
| UNEMPLOY does not Causality Wald FINDEXD3 | 84 | 0.0353 | 0.8513 | |
| FINDEXD3 does not Causality Wald UNEMPLOY | 0.0378 | 0.8462 |
Note: ∗∗∗) siginificance level 1%; ∗∗) siginificance level 5%; ∗) siginificance level 10%.
Source: Processed Data, 2018