Table 4.
Origin of SARS-CoV-2.
| Origin | Support | Opposition |
|---|---|---|
| Bat |
1. SARS-CoV-2 has 96.2% homology with bat coronavirus (RTG13) (Zhou P et al. 2020) 2. SARS-CoV-2 is most closely related to two SARS-like coronavirus sequences isolated from bats (Chan et al. 2020; Malik et al. 2020; Zhang LS et al. 2020) 3. SARS-CoV-2 has 100% amino acid similarity to BAT-SL-CoVZC45 in nsp7 and E proteins (Wu F et al. 2020) 4. SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated from a bat SARS-like coronavirus by Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction (Benvenuto et al. 2020) 5. SARS-CoV-2 can infect bat intestinal cells (Zhou J et al. 2020) |
Unreported |
| Pangolin |
1. Pangolin coronavirus genomes have more than 85.5% similarity to SARS-CoV-2 (Lam et al. 2020; Xiao et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020f) 2. The amino acid identities of pangolin coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 in the E, M, N and S genes were 100%, 98.2%, 96.7% and 90.4%, respectively (Xiao et al. 2020) |
1. Phylogenetic analyses do not support that SARS-CoV-2 arose directly from Pangolin-CoV (Liu P et al. 2020) |
| Snake | 1. SARS-CoV-2 has the highest similarity with the synonymous codon usage bias of snakes (Zhou P et al. 2020) |
1. The study has several limitations (Zhang C et al. 2020) 2. The ACE2 of snake lost the capability to associate with S protein (Luan et al. 2020) |
| Turtle | 1. The interaction between the key amino acids of S protein RBD and ACE2 indicates that turtles may be a potential intermediate host for transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to humans (Liu Z et al. 2020) | 1. The ACE2 of turtle lost the capability to associate with S protein (Luan et al. 2020) |
| Mink |
1. By comparing the infectivity patterns of all viruses hosted on vertebrates, mink viruses show a closer infectivity pattern to SARS-CoV-2 (Guo et al. 2020) 2. Minks turned out to be highly permissive for SARS-CoV-2 (Enserink 2020) 3. Minks were infected by SARS-CoV-2 (Oreshkova et al. 2020) |
Unreported |
| Ferret | 1. SARS-CoV-2 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets (Shi et al. 2020) | Unreported |
| Cat |
1. Cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 (Shi et al. 2020) 2. Cats acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection under natural conditions (Zhang Q et al. 2020) 3. Infected cats can spread SARS-CoV-2 from one cat to another (Halfmann et al. 2020) |
Unreported |
| Dog | 1. Two dogs in Hong Kong are infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Sit et al. 2020) | 1. Dogs have a low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 (Shi et al. 2020) |