2.
Distribution of health care resource use and costs by comorbidity class
| Chronic conditions in addition to heart failure | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6+ | Total | P-value | |
| No. of patients in class | 54 | 212 | 418 | 463 | 310 | 222 | 1679 | ||
| * Chi-squared test; ** Kruskal-Wallis test. IQR: interquartile range. | |||||||||
| Sex | Female | 23 (42.59%) | 106 (50%) | 218 (52.15%) | 251 (54.21%) | 156 (50.32%) | 55.86% (124) | 878 (52.29%) | *0.443 |
| Male | 31 (57.41%) | 106 (50%) | 200 (47.85%) | 212 (45.79%) | 154 (49.68%) | 98 (44.14%) | 801 (47.71%) | ||
| Age | Mean; Median (IQR) | 81.43; 81.5 (74.25-88.75) | 82.11; 82 (76-88) | 81.84; 83 (76-88) | 81.33; 82 (76-87) | 80.54; 81 (75-86) | 80.56; 81 (76-85) | 81.31; 82 (76-87) | **0.066 |
| Total cost | Mean; Median (IQR) | 8601.44; 5914.93 (4062.2-11377, 6) | 8781.35; 6084.61 (4138.3-11092.8) | 7947.12; 5388.02 (3236.7-10298.4) | 8568.92; 5682.92 (2784-1563.09) | 8757.27; 6119.41 (3158.0-10982.1) | 9087.97; 7066.02 (3773.7-12222.8) | 8545.39; 5893.75 (3344.5-11205.9) | **0.146 |
| Drug- related costs | Mean; Median (IQR) | 372.2; 209 (64.1-422.2) | 593.6; 428.96 (178.6-776.5) | 701.0; 519.79 (247.9-952.4) | 869.9; 659.14 (367.5-1121.5) | 1078.7; 779.1 (454.4-1303.9) | 1411.3; 994.3 (618.0-1599.5) | 887.1; 631.5 (320.9-1126.5) | ** < 0.001 |
| Access to the emergency department | Mean; Median (IQR) | 0.56; 0 (0-1) | 0.86; 0 (0-1) | 0.68; 0 (0-1) | 0.78; 0 (0-1) | 0.79; 0 (0-1) | 0.91; 0 (0-1) | 0.78; 0 (0-1) | **0.018 |
| Outpatient visits | Mean; Median (IQR) | 10.8; 10 (7-14) | 15.0; 14 (6-19) | 14.7; 12 (7-20) | 14.8; 12 (7-20) | 16.0; 15 (9-21) | 18.5; 16 (9.25-25) | 15.4; 13 (7-20) | **0.001 |
| Hospitali- zations | Mean; Median (IQR) | 1.31; 1 (1-2) | 1.22; 1 (1-2) | 1.13; 1 (0-2) | 1.19; 1 (0-2) | 1.28; 1 (0-2) | 1.33; 1 (0-2) | 1.22; 1 (0-2) | **0.260 |