1.
Patient characteristics
| Total sample (n = 122) | TAVI (n = 58) | AVI (n = 21) | PCI (n = 43) | P-value | |
| Results are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; AVI: atrioventricular valve intervention; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; NA: not applicable; NYHA: New York Heart Association Functional Classification; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation. | |||||
| Age, yrs | 82.3 ± 3.5 | 82.8 ± 3.3 | 82.8 ± 3.9 | 81.4 ± 3.6 | 0.145 |
| Sex, female | 58 (47.5%) | 28 (48.3%) | 10 (47.6%) | 20 (45.5%) | 0.985 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0 ± 4.7 | 27.1 ± 4.9 | 26.6 ± 4.4 | 27.1 ± 4.5 | 0.894 |
| Comorbidities, no. | 4.7 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 6.4 ± 2.2 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension | 100 (82.0%) | 50 (86.2%) | 16 (76.2%) | 34 (79.1%) | 0.491 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 49 (40.2%) | 20 (34.5%) | 8 (38.1%) | 21 (48.8%) | 0.339 |
| Kidney disease | 42 (34.4%) | 17 (29.3%) | 10 (47.6%) | 15 (34.9%) | 0.317 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 38 (31.1%) | 17 (29.3%) | 7 (33.3%) | 14 (32.6%) | 0.915 |
| Orthopedic diseases | 25 (20.5%) | 8 (13.8%) | 4 (19.0%) | 13 (30.2%) | NA |
| Infections | 15 (12.3%) | 4 (6.9%) | 7 (33.3%) | 4 (9.3%) | NA |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 11 (9.0%) | 6 (10.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (7.0%) | NA |
| Cancer | 11 (9.0%) | 4 (6.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 5 (11.6%) | NA |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 12 (9.8%) | 4 (6.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 6 (14.0%) | NA |
| Pharmaceuticals, no. | 8.9 ± 2.7 | 8.7 ± 2.6 | 9.1 ± 2.7 | 9.2 ± 2.9 | 0.734 |
| Beta blockers | 95 (77.9%) | 42 (72.4%) | 19 (90.5%) | 34 (79.1%) | 0.226 |
| Diuretics | 71 (58.2%) | 34 (58.6%) | 18 (85.7%) | 19 (44.2%) | 0.007 |
| ACE inhibitors | 56 (45.9%) | 25 (43.1%) | 8 (38.1%) | 23 (53.5%) | 0.428 |
| Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonists | 48 (39.3%) | 25 (43.1%) | 7 (33.3%) | 16 (37.2%) | 0.690 |
| Opioid analgesics | 15 (12.3%) | 7 (12.19 | 3 (14.3%) | 5 (11.6%) | NA |
| Anticonvulsants | 7 (5.7%) | 4 (6.9%) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (4.7%) | NA |
| Antidepressants | 7 (5.7%) | 4 (6.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (2.3%) | NA |
| MMSE | 25.9 ± 2.9 | 25.6 ± 3.2 | 26.7 ± 2.1 | 25.9 ± 2.7 | 0.298 |
| NYHA | |||||
| Class Ⅰ | 59 (48.4%) | 33 (56.9%) | 8 (38.1%) | 18 (41.9%) | 0.074 |
| Class Ⅱ + Ⅲ | 63 (51.6%) | 25 (43.1%) | 13 (61.9%) | 25 (58.1%) | |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| Sinus rhythm Pacemaker/artrial fibrillation |
81 (66.4%) 41 (33.6%) |
38 (65.5%) 20 (34.5%) |
5 (23.8%) 16 (76.2%) |
38 (88.4%) 5 (11.6%) |
< 0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 53.7 ± 8.4 | 56.5 ± 6.2 | 49.3 ± 10.4 | 52.2 ± 8.7 | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 7.4 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
| Protein, g/dL | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 0.3 | 0.053 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 0.156 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 65.9 ± 17.0 | 64.3 ± 14.7 | 67.4 ± 25.8 | 67.3 ± 14.5 | 0.612 |