Table 4.
Odds of Participants Relying Primarily on Their Nephrologists (vs other providers) for Medical Care, Including CKD Treatment and Advice
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 453) | Unadjusted |
Adjusteda |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Age | |||||
| 1-y increase | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | 0.07 | 0.99 (0.96-1.01) | 0.19 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 187 (41%) | Reference | 0.91 | Reference | 0.25 |
| Female | 266 (59%) | 0.98 (0.67-1.43) | 1.30 (0.83-2.02) | ||
| Income | |||||
| <$30,000 | 146 (32%) | 0.41 (0.23-0.74) | 0.02 | 0.81 (0.41-1.63) | 0.53 |
| $30,000-$59,999 | 114 (25%) | 0.53 (0.29-0.97) | 0.81 (0.41-1.58) | ||
| ≥$60,000 | 82 (18%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Missing/refused/don’t know | 111 (25%) | 0.45 (0.25-0.83) | 0.61 (0.30-1.22) | ||
| Education | |||||
| <High school | 58 (13%) | Reference | 0.02 | Reference | 0.37 |
| High school graduate/GED | 301 (66%) | 1.47 (0.84-2.59) | 1.11 (0.59-2.09) | ||
| College graduate | 90 (20%) | 2.73 (1.38-5.40) | 1.76 (0.79-3.92) | ||
| Missing/refused/do not know | 4 (1%) | 0.41 (0.04-4.18) | 0.59 (0.05-7.01) | ||
| Employment | |||||
| Working/looking for work | 85 (19%) | Reference | 0.05 | Reference | 0.13 |
| Unemployed | 4 (1%) | 1.55 (0.16-15.6) | 1.26 (0.11-14.3) | ||
| Retired due to disability | 59 (13%) | 0.36 (0.18-0.71) | 0.38 (0.17-0.84) | ||
| Retired | 295 (65%) | 0.65 (0.39-1.07) | 0.84 (0.45-1.56) | ||
| Missing/refused/do not know | 10 (2%) | 0.78 (0.20-2.97) | 1.53 (0.32-7.18) | ||
| Time seeing a nephrologist | |||||
| 1-y increase | 1.10 (1.04-1.16) | 0.002 | 1.08 (1.02-1.15) | 0.02 | |
| No. of nephrology visits in past 2 y | |||||
| 1-visit increase | 1.21 (1.11-1.33) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.05-1.29) | 0.005 | |
| No. of primary care visits in past 2 y | |||||
| 1-visit increase | 0.96 (0.93-0.98) | 0.002 | 0.96 (0.93-0.99) | 0.01 | |
| CKD stage | |||||
| Stage 2 or 3 (eGFR ≥ 30) | 270 (59%) | Reference | 0.17 | Reference | 0.24 |
| Stage 4 (30 > eGFR ≥ 15) | 157 (35%) | 1.13 (0.76-1.68) | 0.83 (0.53-1.32) | ||
| Stage 5 (eGFR < 15) | 26 (6%) | 2.34 (0.95-5.75) | 2.11 (0.71-6.28) | ||
| Comorbidity index score | |||||
| 1-unit increase | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | 0.47 | 1.04 (0.94-1.14) | 0.47 | |
| Perceived patient centeredness | |||||
| 1-unit increase | 2.91 (1.95-4.34) | <0.001 | 2.63 (1.70-4.09) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GED, general equivalency diploma; OR, odds ratio.
a
Mutually adjusted for age, sex, income, education, employment, years in nephrology care, number of nephrology visits in the past 2 years, number of primary care visits in the past 2 years, CKD stage, comorbidity index score, and perceived patient-centeredness.