Fig. 4.

E. coli bacteria detection on suspended MoS₂FET: (a) Schematic diagram of self-assembly process for immobilization of E. coli bacteria on HfO₂ surface. (b) I_D-V_LG curve of SAM process at 100 mV bias; Functionalization of APTES (Red), immobilization of E. coli antibodies (Blue), buffer solution 0.01 M PBS solution of pH 7 (Cyan), and detection of E. coli bacteria of 100 CFU/mL (Magenta). (c) I_D-V_LG characterization of E. coli bacteria from 0 CFU/mL to 10³ CFU/mL. (d) Comparison of I_D-V_LG characterization of E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria (100 CFU/mL) with PBS buffer solution. (e) Sensitivity measurement of E. coli bacteria at subthreshold, linear, and saturated regions. (f) Sensitivity comparison of three suspended MoS₂ FET devices by immobilizing the 100 CFU/mL E. scoli bacteria. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)