Table 2.
Factors predictive of renal dysfunction among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy at Muhimbili National Hospital (N = 287).
| Characteristics | Renal dysfunction, n = 71 (24.7%) | No renal dysfunction, n = 216 (75.3%) | Total (N) | Univariate OR, 95% CI, p value | Multivariate OR, 95% CI, p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| Less than or equal to 60 years | 62 (23.4) | 203 (76.6) | 263 | Reference | |
| More than 60 years | 9 (40.9) | 13 (59.1) | 24 | 2.2, (0.9–5.5), 0.07 | 2.7,(1.04–7.3), 0.04 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 23 (28.8) | 57 (71.2) | 80 | Reference | |
| Female | 48 (23.2) | 159 (76.8) | 207 | 0.7, (0.4–1.3), 0.32 | 0.95, (0.5–1.8) 0.9 |
| ART regimen | |||||
| Non-tenofovir-based | 13 (34.2) | 25 (65.8) | 38 | Reference | |
| Tenofovir-based | 58 (23.3) | 191 (76.7) | 249 | 0.6, (0.3–1.2), 0.15 | 0.6, (0.3–1.35) 0.23 |
| CD4 count | |||||
| Less than 350 cells/mm3 | 27 (31.4) | 59 (68.6) | 86 | 1.6, (0.9–2.8), 0.09 | 1.25, (0.67–2.3) 0.5 |
| 350 cells/mm3 and above | 44 (21.9) | 157 (78.1) | 201 | Reference | |
| Viral load | |||||
| Less than 1000 cp/ml | 59 (23) | 198 (77) | 257 | Reference | |
| 1000 cp/ml or more | 12 (40) | 18 (60) | 30 | 2.2, (1.02–4.9), 0.045 | 2.5, (1.09–5.8), 0.03 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Normal BP | 52 (24.0) | 165 (76) | 2017 | Reference | |
| Hypertensive | 19 (27.1) | 51 (72.9) | 71 | 1.2, (0.64–2.1), 0.6 | 0.94, (0.5–1.8), 0.86 |
| Blood sugar | |||||
| Nondiabetic | 64 (23.3) | 211 (76.7) | 275 | Reference | |
| Diabetic | 67 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 12 | 4.6, (1.4–15), 0.01 | 5.5, (1.6–18.6), 0.006 |