Table 3.

Known herbal active compounds with an antisenescence role on human senescent cells.

Compound name	Studied cells	Treatment dose	Time exposure	Senescence inducers (dose/time)	Treatment (pre-, post-, and coinducer)	Effects on cells	Ref. number
Morin	KSCs	10-20-100 μM	5-30-60 minutes or 24 hours	UVB exposure (30 mJ/cm2)	Post-treatment	Increase in cellular viability and decrease in senescence and DNA damage in UVB-treated cells; increase in the anti-inflammatory functions	[231]
Quercetin	BMSCs	100 μM or 50 μM in long-term treatment	1-3 days or long-term treatment	Absent	/	No senolytic effects on replicative senescent MSCs	[245]
Quercetin	WS MSCs; HGPS MSCs; physiological-aging wild-type MSCs from a 56-year subject; replicative-senescent wild-type MSCs	100 nmol/L	7 days or 30 days	Absent	/	Decrease in replicative senescence, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in WS MSCs; enhancement of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in WS MSCs; attenuation of cellular senescence in HGPS MSCs and in both physiological-aging MSCs	[244]
Vanillin	KSCs	10-20-100 μM	5-30-60 minutes or 24 hours	UVB exposure (30 mJ/cm2)	Post-treatment	Increase in cellular viability in UVB-treated cells; decrease in senescence, in DNA damage and in the production of inflammatory cytokines in UVB-treated cells	[234]
Zingerone	KSCs	10-20-100 μM	60 minutes or 24 hours	UVB exposure (30 mJ/cm2)	Post-treatment	Enhancement of cell viability; decrease in senescence and DNA damage; decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines	[237]

Herb compounds are shown in alphabetical order. BMSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; HGPS: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome; MSCs: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells; KSCs: keratinocyte stem cells; WS: Werner syndrome.