SHERLOCK lateral flow assay performance. (A–D) Detection of 1 fM (∼602 parasites per microliter), 100 aM (60 parasites per microliter), 50 aM (30 parasites per microliter), and 2 aM (1 parasite per microliter) concentrations of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae, respectively, and comparison to 1-fM concentrations of off-target Plasmodium species for each assay. (E) Background-subtracted grayscale intensity averages of test line for three separate flow tests ±SD. All experiments used simulated whole-blood samples.