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. 2020 Oct 17;18:144. doi: 10.1186/s12951-020-00707-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — a Transfection efficiency of lipoplexes against HeLa cells. GFP expression of pGFP-N1 was mediated by liposomes LOrn1 and LOrn3 at the charge ratios ( ±) of 1:1, 3:1, 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1. The measurement was carried out in cells by using an inverted fluorescence microscope (10 × 10). b Transfection efficiency in Figure (a) was quantified by flow cytometry analysis. c Agarose gel electrophoresis of liposomes/DNA lipoplexes at various charge ratios. Line M: marker [λ DNA/EcoRI + HindIII]; Line 0: naked DNA [0.2 μg]; Lines 0.5–8: charge ratios were 0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1. d Quantitative analysis by automatic analysis system of gel imaging. e Zeta potential of liposomes/DNA lipoplexes at charge ratios of 1:1, 3:1, 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1. Significance levels: ***p < 0.001