Table 3.
Gender-specific association between obesity and depressive symptoms
| Variables | No. of cases | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Men | ||||
| Underweight | 342 | 1.62 (1.08–2.43) | 1.64 (1.09–2.45) | 1.47 (0.98–2.23) |
| Normal weight | 5339 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Overweight | 4640 | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.85 (0.70–1.02) |
| General obesity | 1875 | 0.68 (0.52–0.90) | 0.67 (0.51–0.88) | 0.67 (0.51–0.90) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| Women | ||||
| Underweight | 437 | 1.34 (0.96–1.88) | 1.33 (0.95–1.86) | 1.36 (0.97–1.92) |
| Normal weight | 7026 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Overweight | 7028 | 0.92 (0.80–1.04) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) |
| General obesity | 3213 | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) |
| P for trend | 0.194 | 0.127 | 0.045 | |
| P for interaction | 0.015 | 0.021 | 0.136 | |
| WC (cm)# | ||||
| Men | ||||
| Normal WC | 8037 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Abdominal obesity | 4159 | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.73 (0.60–0.87) | 0.76 (0.62–0.92) |
| Women | ||||
| Normal WC | 7106 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Abdominal obesity | 10,598 | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.85 (0.76–0.97) |
| P for interaction | 0.043 | 0.068 | 0.426 | |
Abbreviation: BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference
Model 1: unadjusted;
Model 2: adjusted for age and gender;
Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, educational level, marital status, average monthly income, physical activity, current smoking, current drinking and chronic disease (including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia)
# Abdominal obesity was classified as WC ≥ 80 cm for women and WC ≥ 90 cm for men