Table 1. .
Characteristics of Study Participants (n = 541)
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV+ (n = 138) | HIV- (n = 132) | HIV+ (n = 137) | HIV- (n = 134) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 48 (41–54)a | 44 (32–58) | 43 (37–51)c | 37 (31–49) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Current smoker | 8 (6) | 6 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) |
| Current alcohol use | 29 (21)a | 46 (34) | 11 (8) | 14 (10) |
| Diabetes | 2 (1) | 5 (3) | 2 (1) | 7 (5) |
| Overweight/obese | 21 (15)a | 33 (25) | 52 (38)b | 74 (55) |
| Elevated blood pressure | 18 (12) | 19 (13) | 24 (16)a | 39 (26) |
| Other characteristics | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | 119 ± 16a | 123 ± 18 | 116 ± 19b | 124 ± 21 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74 ± 11 | 76 ± 12 | 71 ± 12b | 76 ± 13 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22 ± 4b | 23 ± 5 | 24 ± 5c | 27 ± 6 |
| Lab values | ||||
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 53 ± 16 | 50 ± 15 | 56 ± 16b | 51 ± 10 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 93 ± 31 | 92 ± 30 | 97 ± 32 | 100 ± 32 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 87 (68–125)a | 78 (63–100) | 75 (58–99) | 69 (54–90) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 167 ± 37 | 159 ± 36 | 171 ± 40 | 167 ± 37 |
| FBG, mg/dL | 76 ± 16 | 77 ± 21 | 77 ± 21 | 79 ± 25 |
| HIV-related characteristics | ||||
| Nadir CD4 T-cell count, cells/mm3 | 349 ± 211 | 440 ± 260 | ||
| CD4+ T-cell count, cells/mm3 | 467 ± 206 | 565 ± 229 | ||
| Undetectable HIV RNA <50 copies/mL | 109 (79) | 111 (81) | ||
| Total ART duration, y | 9 (3–11) | 8 (4–10) | ||
| Current PI-based treatment | 17 (12) | 19 (14) | ||
| Current NNRTI treatment | 120 (87) | 118 (86) | ||
| Markers of endothelial activation and inflammation | ||||
| sICAM-1, ng/mL | 638 (460–879)c | 455 (309–647) | 584 (417–800)c | 350 (219–484) |
| sVCAM-1, ng/mL | 624 (488–843)b | 536 (332–878) | 606 (411–830)c | 358 (244–522) |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 1.6 (0.7–3.4) | 1.2 (0.5–3.3) | 1.8 (0.7–4.3) | 1.8 (0.8–3.2) |
| Markers of monocyte activation and intestinal barrier dysfunction | ||||
| I-FABP, pg/mL | 3317 (1176– 8252)c | 2218 (1456– 3355) | 3181 (2072–4846)c | 1668 (1237– 2513) |
| sCD14, ng/mL | 3290 (2150–4410)c | 1553 (956–2367) | 2965 (2167–4173)c | 1393 (767–2295) |
Data are reported as mean ± SD, No. (%), or median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DPB, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; I-FABP, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; PWH, people with HIV; sCD14, cluster of differentiation 14; SBP, systolic blood pressure; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule–1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule–1.
a P < .05.
b P < .01.
c P < .001 for comparisons between PWH and HIV-negative participants (data were analyzed in women and men separately).