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. 2020 Oct 16;11:5229. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19121-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a In-plane static magnetic field is applied and swept along the NZAFO thin film 100 crystalline axis. Microwaves from microstrip antenna drive NZAFO magnetization. Microscope objective focuses continuous green laser onto NV nanodiamond powder and collects red NV fluorescence. b NV energy diagram. The |m_s = 0〉 state has higher fluorescence intensity than the |m_s = ±1〉 states. Zeeman interaction with the static magnetic field splits the |m_s = ±1〉 states. For our experiment, the powder of randomly oriented nanodiamonds leads to a distribution of NV frequencies across the bands indicated in green. c Detection schematic. Amplitude modulated microwaves are applied to the sample, NV fluorescence and microwave transmission are recorded by lockin amplifiers referenced to this modulation during magnetic field sweeps.