Table 1.
Key ecosystem services identified by the villagers in the Bohal Spring-shed (n = 66 households)
| Ecosystem | Services perceived (% response) | Types | Sub-types |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Provisioning (100) | Nutrition | Fodder, water, wild food, herbs |
| Material | Bamboo, wood for agricultural implement | ||
| Energy | Fuel wood | ||
| Regulating (46.97) | Flow regulation | Spring recharge, erosion control | |
| Regulation of physical environment | Local rain and snow fall | ||
| Regulation of biotic environment | Habitat, nursery function | ||
| Cultural (18.18) | Sacred, aesthetic | Temple | |
| Educational | PES model | ||
| Grassland | Provisioning (100) | Nutrition | Fodder |
| Regulating (36.36) | Regulation of biotic environment | Habitat, gene pool | |
| Regulation of physical environment | Prevent runoff, maintain soil fertility, nutrient cycling | ||
| Cultural (13.64) | Symbolic | Place for village meetings | |
| Agro-ecosystem | Provisioning (100) | Nutrition | Food, fodder |
| Energy | Fuel wood | ||
| Regulating (18.18) | Regulation of physical environment | Bind soil, maintain soil fertility, nutrient cycling | |
| Cultural (6.06) | Aesthetic/experiential | Feels good |