Table 1.

Ancillary studies in VITAL.

Cognitive function

Diabetes

Hypertension

2D echocardiogram

Respiratory diseases

Autoimmune disorders

Fractures

Bone imaging

Depression and mood

Infections

Diabetic kidney disease

Atrial fibrillation

Anemia

Macular degeneration

Dry eye syndrome

Magnesium & vitamin D

Racial/ethnic differences

Vitamin D/adiposity

Colorectal adenoma

Mammographic density

Hypertension-related nephropathy

Heart failure

Telomere biology

In-clinic protocol:

Blood pressure & 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure

Height, weight, waist, hip

Fasting bloods & 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test

Urine collection

Spirometry

Physical performance

Cognitive function

Mood & depressive symptoms

2D echocardiogram & electrocardiogram

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry & bone microarchitecture