Table 2.
Laboratory tests reflecting hemostasis in patients with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy
| Laboratory variable | COMMENTS | |
|---|---|---|
| Standard coagulation and platelet panel | ||
| D-dimer | ↑↑↑ |
Markedly elevated 3- to 4-fold elevation associated with high mortality |
| FDPs | ↑↑ | Elevated |
| Fibrinogen |
↑↑ (↓) |
Elevated Decreasing trend if patient’s condition progresses towards consumptive coagulopathy phenotype (e.g., DIC) |
| aPTT | ←→ (↑) | In normal range OR slightly prolonged |
| PT | ←→ (↑) | In normal range OR slightly prolonged |
| Platelet count | ←→ (↓) (↑) |
Near normal OR mildly decreased Ranging from 100–150 × 109 cells/L in 70–95% patients with severe COVID-19, platelet count < 100 × 109 cell/L was detected in about 5% of severe COVID-19 patients. Could be slightly increased based on limited data from small cohorts |
| Advanced rheological parameters | ||
| Plasma viscosity | ↑↑ | Increased 2-fold, on average |
| Factor VIII activity | ↑ | Increased |
| von Willebrand factor | ↑ | Increased |
| Antithrombin activitiy | (↓) | Modestly decreased |
| Free protein S | (↓) | Modestly decreased |
| Protein C | (↑) | Modestly increased |
aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; FDPs, fibrin degradation products; PT, prothrombin time. ←→ indicates normal range. (↑) and (↓) denote modest increase or decrease, respectively; ↑ and ↓, slightly increase or decrease, respectively; ↓↓ and ↓↓, considerably increase or decrease, respectively; and ↑↑↑ and ↓↓↓ strongly increase or decrease, respectively