Table 3.

Causes of time overrun in road projects and measures taken by the employer.

SN	Project Name	Cause of Delay	Measure(s) taken by the employer
1.	Ageremariam – Yabelo	-Poor work management by the contractor, Contractors luck of experience in Ethiopia	No legal measure (Time at large)
2.	Aposto-Wondo-Negele Con.1	-Delayed mobilization of resource, Delay in thoroughly undertaking investigations for potential sources of construction materials, Shortage of skilled manpower at site	No legal measure (Time at large)
3.	Arbaminch-Kemba-Sawla contract I	-Unsatisfactory resource management and site organization	No legal measure (Time at large)
4.	Arbaminch-Kemba-Sawla Lot II	-Adverse weather condition, Delay in the removal of ROW obstructions, Design errors and late approval of design changes, Shortage of work crew	Additional EOT being considered
5.	Arbereketi-Gelemso	-Significant reduction in construction equipment and manpower from the site, Lack of close follow up of the daily output of the available critical equipment, Failure to organize sufficient structure crew to expedite drainage and structure works	Additional EOT being considered
6.	Chanka- Dembidolo	-Very late mobilization of plant and machinery, Failure to mobilize adequate manpower	Liquidated damages imposed
7.	Gelemso-Mechara-Micheta	-ROW obstruction, Shortage, and frequent break down of construction machinery	Extension of time being considered
8.	Kong – Begondi – Wombera	-Variation of work, Unfavorable weather condition, Suspension of the work by the client as a result of budget issues, Security problems at the project area	On an interim extension period
9.	Mekenajo-Ayra	-Contractor's poor Site Management, Contractors poor planning of the works Contractor's lateness in the mobilization of equipment and resources, the supply chain problem of construction materials.	liquidated damages imposed
10.	Otolo-Sawla lot III	-Frequent break dawn construction machinery and the contractor's failure to get the machines fixed in a short time and continue the work.	No legal measure (Time at large)
11.	Sawla-Kako	-Inefficient utilization of resources, lack of proper planning, Problem of mobilizing manpower	No legal measure (Time at large)
12.	Sembo – Sholagebeya – Gorfo – Gindeber	-The contractor abandoned the site without finalizing the work claiming that the project is substantially completed.	No legal measure (Time at large)
13.	Shambu- Bako	-Public resistance, Problems in the removal of ROW obstructions, Unfavorable weather condition	EOT being considered
14.	Dallol-Musli-Bada	-Deficiency of reinforcement bar and truck mixers, Harsh weather condition, Lack of delivery of construction material sufficiently as per the schedule, Demobilization of key personnel's leading to poor organization of site activities, Incapacity of the contractor to deliver fuel	EOT being considered
15.	Dejen-Felegebirhan	-Delay to finalize design on time, Late in commencing permanent activities, Delay to avail sufficient resources for the construction of embankment and Roadway construction, Cash flow problem of the Contractor, Inefficient project management	No legal measure (Time at large)
16.	DichotoGalafi Junction - Elidar – Belho	-Critically serious water shortage, Very poor performance of subcontracted works	No legal measure (Time at large)
17.	Jinka – Medir	-Additional work, Right of way issues, Adverse weather condition	On the 5th interim EOT
18.	Sawla-Maji, contract II	-Contractor's failure to finalize the design, Problems of cash flow, Problems of accessing the site because of poor infrastructure.	No legal measure (Time at large)