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Design and fabrication of a two-layer fiber-based optoacoustic emitter (FOE). a) Schematic of optoacoustic effect and the design of FOE with a two-layer structure. b) Comparison between the fiber-based emitter and a syringe needle (20 G, ID 0.6 mm, OD 0.91 mm). c) Micrographs of a fabricated FOE. The image transparency was adjusted to visualize the inner diffusion layer and the outer absorption/expansion layer. White dash line outlines the fiber distal end.
