Figure 1.

Metformin increased the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells by reversing EMT. (A) Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay after treated with gemcitabine only or with different concentrations of metformin. *P_{CON vs. GEM} < 0.05, **P_{CON vs. GEM} < 0.01, ^#P_{GEM vs. GEM+MET} < 0.05, ^##P_{GEM vs. GEM+MET} < 0.01. (B) Morphology changes of BxPC-3 and MIAPaCa-2 cells were taken before and after treated with gemcitabine only or with metformin. (C) The protein levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin in BxPC-3 and MIAPaCa-2 cells were determined by Western blot analyses. *P_{CON vs. GEM} < 0.05, **P_{CON vs. GEM} < 0.01, ^#P_{GEM vs. GEM+MET} < 0.05, ^##P_{GEM vs. GEM+MET} < 0.01.