Fig. 1.

WSPM cytotoxicity and the contributions of TRPV3 and TRPA1 in regulating pine WSPM–induced calcium flux. (A) Changes in lobar HBEC viability after 24-hour treatment with increasing concentrations of pine WSPM. Data are represented as mean percentages (±S.D.) of residual viability compared with untreated control for n = 3 replicates. (B) Inhibition of pine WSPM–induced calcium flux in lobar HBECs treated with pine WSPM (78 μg/cm²) with or without the TRPA1 antagonist A967079 (20 μM) or the TRPV3 antagonist (TRPV3 Ant.; 10 μM). Calcium flux data were recorded over a 100-second period, and values for vehicle treatment were subtracted and then normalized to the maximum fluorescence change elicited by ionomycin (10 μM). Data represent means ± S.D. for n ≥ 3 replicates. ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 using an ordinary ANOVA with a Dunnett multiple comparisons test vs. pine WSPM only treatment.